Pesticide Occurrence in Selected South Florida Canals and Biscayne Bay during High Agricultural Activity

Climate and soil conditions in South Florida along with an extensive canal system facilitate movement of agricultural pesticides into surface waters. In a two-year study (2002−2004) of the currently used pesticides in South Florida, atrazine, endosulfan, metolachlor, chlorpyrifos, and chlorothalonil...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2005-07, Vol.53 (15), p.6040-6048
Main Authors: Harman-Fetcho, Jennifer A, Hapeman, Cathleen J, McConnell, Laura L, Potter, Thomas L, Rice, Clifford P, Sadeghi, Ali M, Smith, Ramona D, Bialek, Krystyna, Sefton, Kerry A, Schaffer, Bruce A, Curry, Richard
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
agricultural runoff
Agriculture - methods
Agrochemicals - analysis
atrazine
Atrazine - analysis
Biological and medical sciences
Brackish
canals (waterways)
chlorothalonil
chlorpyrifos
coastal water
endosulfan
Endosulfan - analysis
Florida
Food industries
Freshwater
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
fungicide residues
herbicide residues
insecticide residues
Marine
Maximum Allowable Concentration
metolachlor
nonpoint source pollution
Pesticides - analysis
seasonal variation
surface water
Water - chemistry
Water Pollutants - analysis
water pollution
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Summary:Climate and soil conditions in South Florida along with an extensive canal system facilitate movement of agricultural pesticides into surface waters. In a two-year study (2002−2004) of the currently used pesticides in South Florida, atrazine, endosulfan, metolachlor, chlorpyrifos, and chlorothalonil were the most frequently detected in the canals and in Biscayne Bay, with average concentrations of 16, 11, 9.0, 2.6, and 6.0 ng/L, respectively. Concentrations of atrazine and chlorpyrifos were highest near corn production. Chlorothalonil and endosulfan concentrations were highest near vegetable production, with no clear trend for metolachlor, which is used on multiple crops. Concentration data were used to calculate an aquatic life hazard potential for the planting period (November) versus the harvest period (March). This analysis indicated that a higher hazard potential occurs during harvest, primarily from the use of endosulfan. These data will also serve to document canal conditions prior to implementation of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP). Keywords: Pesticide; agrochemical; atrazine; endosulfan; chlorothalonil; chlorpyrifos; metolachlor; hazard potential; South Florida; Everglades; Biscayne Bay; Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP)
ISSN:0021-8561
1520-5118
DOI:10.1021/jf047803g