HTLV‐1 intrafamilial transmission among Japanese immigrants in Brazil

Human T‐lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) is the etiological agent of adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma and HTLV‐1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The aim of this study was to investigate the intrafamilial transmission of HTLV‐1 among Japanese immigrants and their descend...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of medical virology 2018-02, Vol.90 (2), p.351-357
Main Authors: Bandeira, Larissa M., Uehara, Silvia N. O., Puga, Marco A. M., Rezende, Grazielli R., Vicente, Ana C. P., Domingos, João A., do Lago, Bárbara V., Niel, Christian, Motta‐Castro, Ana R. C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Antibodies
Antibodies, Viral - blood
Asian Continental Ancestry Group
Asymptomatic Diseases
Blotting, Western
Brazil
Breast feeding
Central nervous system diseases
Child
Demographics
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Disease transmission
DNA
DNA sequencing
Emigrants and Immigrants
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Etiology
Family Health
Female
Genotype
Hereditary spastic paraplegia
HTLV-I Infections - transmission
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 - classification
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 - genetics
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 - immunology
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 - isolation & purification
human T‐lymphotropic virus
Humans
Immigrants
Leukemia
Lymphocytes T
Lymphoma
Male
Middle Aged
Molecular Epidemiology
Okinawa
pedigree
Risk factors
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Sexual transmission
Spinal cord
Studies
Tropical spastic paraparesis
vertical transmission
Virology
Viruses
Young Adult
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Description
Summary:Human T‐lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) is the etiological agent of adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma and HTLV‐1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The aim of this study was to investigate the intrafamilial transmission of HTLV‐1 among Japanese immigrants and their descendants living in a non‐endemic area of central Brazil. Six families were investigated. Thirty‐seven relatives of the six index cases were tested by ELISA for the presence of anti‐HTLV antibodies, and the positive cases were confirmed by Western blot. HTLV‐1 isolates were genotyped by partial nucleotide sequencing (5′ LTR) of the proviral DNA. All individuals, including index cases and relatives, were asymptomatic. In five families, at least one relative was infected with HTLV‐1. In all, eight (22%) relatives (one mother, four wives, one brother, and two brothers‐in‐law) were infected. However, none of the 22 individuals under 55 years of age was infected. In each family, the HTLV‐1 sequences from the relatives were identical or almost identical to that of the index case, except in one case. Pedigrees of the families, together with socio‐demographic data of the HTLV‐1 infected individuals, strongly suggested the occurrence of both vertical and sexual transmission, with breastfeeding as an important risk factor. Whether and why the virus transmission is less effective among younger generations deserves to be further investigated.
ISSN:0146-6615
1096-9071
DOI:10.1002/jmv.24938