Gut microbiome response to short‐term dietary interventions in reactive hypoglycemia subjects

Background Reactive hypoglycemia is a metabolic disorder that provokes severe hypoglycemic episodes after meals. Over recent years, the gut microbiota has been recognized as potential target for the control of metabolic diseases, and the possibility to correct gut microbiota dysbioses through diet,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews 2017-11, Vol.33 (8), p.n/a
Main Authors: Quercia, Sara, Turroni, Silvia, Fiori, Jessica, Soverini, Matteo, Rampelli, Simone, Biagi, Elena, Castagnetti, Andrea, Consolandi, Clarissa, Severgnini, Marco, Pianesi, Mario, Fallucca, Francesco, Pozzilli, Paolo, Brigidi, Patrizia, Candela, Marco
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Aged
Bioavailability
Convergence
Diet
Diet, Macrobiotic
Digestive system
Fatty acids
Feces - microbiology
Female
Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology
gut microbiome
Homeostasis
Humans
Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia - microbiology
Intestinal microflora
macrobiotic diet
Male
Metabolic disorders
Metabolism
Metabolites
Microbiota
Middle Aged
reactive hypoglycemia
rRNA 16S
Short term
short‐chain fatty acids
short‐term response
Treatment Outcome
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Summary:Background Reactive hypoglycemia is a metabolic disorder that provokes severe hypoglycemic episodes after meals. Over recent years, the gut microbiota has been recognized as potential target for the control of metabolic diseases, and the possibility to correct gut microbiota dysbioses through diet, favouring the recovery of metabolic homeostasis, has been considered. Methods We investigate the impact of 2 short‐term (3‐day) nutritional interventions, based on the macrobiotic Ma‐Pi 2 diet and a control Mediterranean diet, on the structure and functionality of the gut microbiota in 12 patients affected by reactive hypoglycemia. The gut microbiota composition was characterized by next‐generation sequencing of the V3 to V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, and the ecosystem functionality was addressed by measuring the faecal concentration of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs). In order to measure the short‐term physiological gut microbiota fluctuation, the microbiomes of 7 healthy people were characterized before and after 3 days of constant diet. Results While no convergence of the gut microbiota compositional profiles was observed, a significant increase in SCFA faecal levels was induced only in the Ma‐Pi 2 diet group, suggesting the potential of this diet to support a short‐term functional convergence of the gut microbiota, regardless of the individual compositional layout. Conclusions The Ma‐Pi 2 diet, with its high fibre load, was effective in increasing the production of SCFAs by the gut microbiota. Because these metabolites are known for their ability to counterbalance the metabolic deregulation in persons with glucose impairment disorders, their increased bioavailability could be of some relevance in reactive hypoglycemia.
ISSN:1520-7552
1520-7560
DOI:10.1002/dmrr.2927