Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics studies of the mechanism of cysteine protease inhibition by peptidyl-2,3-epoxyketones

Cysteine proteases are the most abundant proteases in parasitic protozoa and they are essential enzymes to the life cycle of several of them, thus becoming attractive therapeutic targets for the development of new inhibitors. In this paper, a computational study of the inhibition mechanism of cystei...

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Published in:Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP 2017, Vol.19 (20), p.12740-12748
Main Authors: Arafet, Kemel, Ferrer, Silvia, González, Florenci V, Moliner, Vicent
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Activation energy
Computation
Cysteine
Cysteine Endopeptidases - chemistry
Cysteine Endopeptidases - metabolism
Cysteine Proteases - chemistry
Cysteine Proteases - metabolism
Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors - chemistry
Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors - metabolism
Epoxy Compounds - chemistry
Free energy
Inhibition
Inhibitors
Ketones - chemistry
Ketones - metabolism
Medical services
Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Protease
Protozoan Proteins - chemistry
Protozoan Proteins - metabolism
Quantum Theory
Thermodynamics
Trypanosoma cruzi - metabolism
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Summary:Cysteine proteases are the most abundant proteases in parasitic protozoa and they are essential enzymes to the life cycle of several of them, thus becoming attractive therapeutic targets for the development of new inhibitors. In this paper, a computational study of the inhibition mechanism of cysteine protease by dipeptidyl-2,3-epoxyketone Cbz-Phe-Hph-(S), a recently proposed inhibitor, has been carried out by means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with hybrid QM/MM potentials. The computed free energy surfaces of the inhibition mechanism of cysteine proteases by peptidyl epoxyketones showing how the activation of the epoxide ring and the attack of Cys25 on either C2 or C3 atoms take place in a concerted manner. According to our results, the acid species responsible for the protonation of the oxygen atom of the ring would be able to conserve His159, in contrast to previous studies that proposed a water molecule as the activating species. The low activation free energies for the reaction where Cys25 attacks the C2 atom of the epoxide ring (12.1 kcal mol ) or to the C3 atom (15.4 kcal mol ), together with the high negative reaction energies suggest that the derivatives of peptidyl-2,3-epoxyketones can be used to develop new potent inhibitors for the treatment of Chagas disease.
ISSN:1463-9076
1463-9084
DOI:10.1039/c7cp01726j