Habituation is altered in neuropsychiatric disorders—A comprehensive review with recommendations for experimental design and analysis

•Abnormalities in the simplest form of learning, habituation, have been reported in a variety of etiologically diverse neuropsychiatric disorders.•Habituation abnormalities have been repeatedly observed in ASD, FXS, Schizophrenia, PD, HD, ADHD, Tourette’s syndrome, and Migraine.•Depending on the dis...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews 2017-09, Vol.80, p.286-305
Main Authors: McDiarmid, Troy A., Bernardos, Aram C., Rankin, Catharine H.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptive filtering
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Disorders of Habituation
Fragile X syndrome
Habituation
Habituation, Psychophysiologic
Humans
Huntington’s disease
Learning
Memory
Mental Disorders - psychology
Migraine
Nervous System Diseases - psychology
Neuropsychiatric disorders
Parkinson’s disease
Plasticity
Psychological Theory
Research Design
Schizophrenia
Sensory processing
Tourette’s syndrome
Treatment
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Summary:•Abnormalities in the simplest form of learning, habituation, have been reported in a variety of etiologically diverse neuropsychiatric disorders.•Habituation abnormalities have been repeatedly observed in ASD, FXS, Schizophrenia, PD, HD, ADHD, Tourette’s syndrome, and Migraine.•Depending on the disorder, habituation phenomena have been described as a cause, symptom, or therapy.•Abnormal habituation is predictive of symptom severity across disorders.•Suggestions for design and interpretation of habituation experiments will aid both clinicians and basic researchers investigating how habituation is altered in disease. Abnormalities in the simplest form of learning, habituation, have been reported in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders as etiologically diverse as Autism Spectrum Disorder, Fragile X syndrome, Schizophrenia, Parkinson’s Disease, Huntington’s Disease, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Tourette’s Syndrome, and Migraine. Here we provide the first comprehensive review of what is known about alterations in this form of non-associative learning in each disorder. Across several disorders, abnormal habituation is predictive of symptom severity, highlighting the clinical significance of habituation and its importance to normal cognitive function. Abnormal habituation is discussed within the greater framework of learning theory and how it may relate to disease phenotype either as a cause, symptom, or therapy. Important considerations for the design and interpretation of habituation experiments are outlined with the hope that these will aid both clinicians and basic researchers investigating how this simple form of learning is altered in disease.
ISSN:0149-7634
1873-7528
DOI:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.05.028