Life‐time history of insomnia and hypersomnia symptoms as correlates of alcohol, cocaine and heroin use and relapse among adults seeking substance use treatment in the United States from 1991 to 1994

Aims To examine the association between a life‐time history of insomnia and hypersomnia compared with no sleep disturbance and substance use patterns and amounts before and after a substance use treatment episode. Design Secondary analysis of data from the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Studies conduc...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Addiction (Abingdon, England) England), 2017-06, Vol.112 (6), p.1104-1111
Main Authors:	Dolsen, Michael R., Harvey, Allison G.
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Adult Adults Alcohol Alcohol use Alcoholic beverages Alcoholism - epidemiology Alcoholism - therapy Clinical outcomes Cocaine Cocaine-Related Disorders - epidemiology Cocaine-Related Disorders - therapy Comorbidity Data processing Disorders of Excessive Somnolence - epidemiology Disturbance Drug abuse Drug addiction Drug development Female Health services utilization Help seeking behavior Heroin Heroin Dependence - epidemiology Heroin Dependence - therapy Humans Hypersomnia Inpatient care Insomnia Male Medical treatment Methadone Narcotics Prospective Studies Race Recurrence Relapse Secondary analysis Self report sleep Sleep disorders Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders - epidemiology Substance abuse Substance abuse treatment Substance use substance use treatment Treatment programs United States
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Summary:	Aims To examine the association between a life‐time history of insomnia and hypersomnia compared with no sleep disturbance and substance use patterns and amounts before and after a substance use treatment episode. Design Secondary analysis of data from the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Studies conducted from 1991 to 1994. Setting Data were collected at 96 substance use treatment programs in 11 United States cities, including short‐term in‐patient, long‐term residential, methadone maintenance and out‐patient drug‐free treatment modalities. Participants Study samples included 7168 adults at treatment entry and 2965 at 12 months post‐treatment entry whose primary substance use at entry was alcohol (14.7%), cocaine (62.7%) or heroin (22.6%). Measurements Life‐time history of insomnia and hypersomnia was assessed via self‐report. Type and frequency of substance use were assessed at treatment entry. Substance use was also assessed 12 months following treatment completion. Associations were examined using linear and logistic regression with age, sex, race, education level, depression history, treatment modality and in‐treatment substance use as covariates. Findings Life‐time history of insomnia, hypersomnia, both or neither was reported by 26.3, 9.5, 28.0 and 36.2% of participants, respectively. Compared with no sleep disturbance, life‐time insomnia and hypersomnia were associated at treatment entry with unique substance use patterns and a higher frequency of any substance use (P
ISSN:	0965-2140 1360-0443