CYP/PON genetic variations as determinant of organophosphate pesticides toxicity

In the present scenario of increased accumulation of pesticides in the environment, it is important to understand its impact on human health. The focus is on gene–environment interaction, highlighting the consequences and factors that may halt the biotransformation of some pesticides and change thei...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of genetics 2017-03, Vol.96 (1), p.187-201
Main Authors:	KAUR, GURPREET, JAIN, A. K., SINGH, SANDEEP
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Animal Genetics and Genomics Animals Aryldialkylphosphatase - chemistry Aryldialkylphosphatase - genetics Aryldialkylphosphatase - metabolism Biomedical and Life Sciences Biotransformation - drug effects Biotransformation - genetics Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - chemistry Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - genetics Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - metabolism Drug Resistance - genetics Evolutionary Biology Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects Gene-Environment Interaction Genes Genetic aspects Genetic polymorphisms Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genetic research Genetic Variation Health aspects Humans Life Sciences Metabolic Networks and Pathways Microbial Genetics and Genomics Organophosphorus Compounds - chemistry Organophosphorus Compounds - metabolism Organophosphorus Compounds - toxicity Pesticides Pesticides - chemistry Pesticides - metabolism Pesticides - toxicity Pharmacogenetics Plant Genetics and Genomics Polymorphism, Genetic Review Article Signal Transduction
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Summary:	In the present scenario of increased accumulation of pesticides in the environment, it is important to understand its impact on human health. The focus is on gene–environment interaction, highlighting the consequences and factors that may halt the biotransformation of some pesticides and change their actual dose response curve due to mixed exposure to pesticides. The paraoxonase and cytochrome P450 gene families are involved in the metabolism of oxon derivate (toxic than its parent compound) of organophosphate pesticides, thus, mutations in these genes may impact the metabolic outcome of pesticides and subsequent health hazards. The complex multi gene–environment interaction and one gene – one risk factor are two different aspects to understand the potential health effect related to environmental exposure studies. The genetic polymorphisms are associated with varying levels of risk within the population, as gene products of varied genotype alter the biotransformation of exogenous/endogenous substrates. This paper is aimed to review the impact of endogenous and exogenous factors on a mechanistic pathway of organophosphate pesticide biotransformation and various risk associated with it among the human population. Understanding the genetic polymorphism of genes involved in pesticide metabolism and highlighting the gene isoform dependent interindividual differences to metabolize particular pesticides may help us to unravel the reasons behind differential toxicity for pesticides exposure than expected.
ISSN:	0022-1333 0973-7731