Unsaturated Fatty Acids Improve Atherosclerosis Markers in Obese and Overweight Non-diabetic Elderly Patients

Background Several studies have demonstrated the benefits of replacing trans and saturated fats with unsaturated fatty acids on cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to demonstrate the effect of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fat supplementation on the biochemical and endothelial markers of atheros...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Obesity surgery 2017-10, Vol.27 (10), p.2663-2671
Main Authors: de Oliveira, Patrícia Amante, Kovacs, Cristiane, Moreira, Priscila, Magnoni, Daniel, Saleh, Mohamed Hassan, Faintuch, Joel
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis - complications
Atherosclerosis - diet therapy
Biomarkers - blood
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control
Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
Diabetes
Dietary Fats, Unsaturated - therapeutic use
Dietary Supplements
Double-Blind Method
Fatty acids
Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - therapeutic use
Female
Humans
Low density lipoprotein
Male
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Middle Aged
Obesity
Obesity - blood
Obesity - complications
Obesity - diet therapy
Obesity - physiopathology
Older people
Original Contributions
Overweight - blood
Overweight - complications
Overweight - diet therapy
Overweight - physiopathology
Plant Oils - administration & dosage
Risk Factors
Surgery
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Background Several studies have demonstrated the benefits of replacing trans and saturated fats with unsaturated fatty acids on cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to demonstrate the effect of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fat supplementation on the biochemical and endothelial markers of atherosclerotic disease in obese or overweight non-diabetic elderly patients. Method Seventy-nine patients were randomly divided into three groups: flaxseed oil, olive oil, and sunflower oil; patients in each group received 30 mL of oil for 90 days. Patients were subjected to anthropometric and bioimpedance assessments; biochemical and endothelial evaluations were performed through ultrasonography of the brachial artery and carotid artery for endothelium-dependent dilation and intima-media thickness assessment, respectively, before and after the intervention. The participants’ usual diet remained unchanged. Results The flaxseed oil group had improved ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein levels ( p  = 0.074) and reduced carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) ( p  = 0.028); the olive oil group exhibited an improved apolipoprotein (Apo)B/ApoA ratio ( p  = 0.021), reduced CIMT ( p  = 0.028), and improved flow-mediated vasodilation (FMV) ( p  = 0.054); and similarly, the sunflower oil group showed an improved ApoB/ApoA ratio ( p  = 0.024), reduced CIMT ( p  = 0.048), and improved FMV ( p  = 0.001). Conclusion Unsaturated fatty acid supplementation using the three vegetable oils attenuated pro-inflammatory properties and improved prothrombotic conditions. Therefore, introducing or replacing saturated and trans fat with unsaturated fatty acids is beneficial for cardiovascular risk reduction in obese or overweight non-diabetic elderly people. Further studies are needed to determine which unsaturated fat best prevents cardiovascular disease in elderly patients.
ISSN:0960-8923
1708-0428
DOI:10.1007/s11695-017-2704-8