Impairment in Social Functioning differentiates youth meeting Ultra-High Risk for psychosis criteria from other mental health help-seekers: A validation of the Italian version of the Global Functioning:Social and Global Functioning:Role scales

Abstract Social and occupational impairments are present in the schizophrenia prodrome, and poor social functioning predicts transition to psychosis in Ultra-High Risk (UHR) individuals. We aimed to: 1) validate the Italian version of the Global Functioning:Social (GF:S) and Global Functioning:Role...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Psychiatry research 2017-07, Vol.253, p.296-302
Main Authors: Cascio, Nella Lo, Curto, Martina, Pasqualetti, Patrizio, Lindau, Juliana Fortes, Girardi, Nicoletta, Saba, Riccardo, Brandizzi, Martina, Monducci, Elena, Masillo, Alice, Colafrancesco, Giada, Solfanelli, Andrea, De Crescenzo, Franco, Kotzalidis, Georgios D, Dario, Claudia, Ferrara, Mauro, Vicari, Stefano, Girardi, Paolo, Auther, Andrea M, Cornblatt, Barbara A, Correll, Christoph U, Nastro, Paolo Fiori
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adolescents
Adult
Diagnosis, Differential
Female
Humans
Italy
Language
Male
Mental Disorders - diagnosis
Mental Disorders - psychology
Psychiatric Status Rating Scales - standards
Psychiatry
Psychosis
Psychotic Disorders - diagnosis
Psychotic Disorders - psychology
Rating scales
Reliability
Reproducibility of Results
Risk Assessment
Social Adjustment
Social functioning
Translations
Validation
Young Adult
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Summary:Abstract Social and occupational impairments are present in the schizophrenia prodrome, and poor social functioning predicts transition to psychosis in Ultra-High Risk (UHR) individuals. We aimed to: 1) validate the Italian version of the Global Functioning:Social (GF:S) and Global Functioning:Role (GF:S) scales; 2) evaluate their association with UHR criteria. Participants were 12 to 21-years-old (age, mean=15.2, standard deviation=2.1, male/female ratio=117/120) nonpsychotic help-seekers, meeting (N=39) or not (N=198) UHR criteria. Inter-rater reliability was excellent for both scales, which also showed good to excellent concurrent validity, as measured by correlation with Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores. Furthermore, GF:S and GF:R were able to discriminate between UHRs and non-UHRs, with UHRs having lower current scores. After adjusting for current GAF scores, only current GF:S scores independently differentiated UHR from non-UHR. Finally, UHR participants showed a steeper decrease from highest GF:S and GF:R scores in the past year to their respective current scores, but not from highest past year GAF scores to current scores. GF:S/GS:R scores were not affected by age or sex. GF:S/GF:R are useful functional level and outcome measures, having the advantage over the GAF to not confound functioning with symptom severity. Additionally, the GF:S may be helpful in identifying UHR individuals.
ISSN:0165-1781
1872-7123
DOI:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.008