Spatiotemporal reconstruction of auditory steady-state responses to acoustic amplitude modulations: Potential sources beyond the auditory pathway

Investigating the neural generators of auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs), i.e., auditory evoked brain responses, with a wide range of screening and diagnostic applications, has been the focus of various studies for many years. Most of these studies employed a priori assumptions regarding the n...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:NeuroImage (Orlando, Fla.) Fla.), 2017-03, Vol.148, p.240-253
Main Authors: Farahani, Ehsan Darestani, Goossens, Tine, Wouters, Jan, van Wieringen, Astrid
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acoustic Stimulation
Acoustics
Adult
Algorithms
Alzheimer's disease
Auditory Cortex - diagnostic imaging
Auditory Cortex - physiology
Auditory pathway
Auditory Pathways - physiology
Auditory steady-state response
Brain
Cerebral Cortex - diagnostic imaging
Cerebral Cortex - physiology
Cluster Analysis
EEG
Electroencephalography
Evoked Potentials, Auditory
Female
Functional Laterality - physiology
Humans
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
Independent component analysis
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
Medical screening
Mental disorders
Methods
Neural networks
Normal Distribution
Pitch Perception - physiology
Researchers
Source localization
Studies
Young Adult
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Summary:Investigating the neural generators of auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs), i.e., auditory evoked brain responses, with a wide range of screening and diagnostic applications, has been the focus of various studies for many years. Most of these studies employed a priori assumptions regarding the number and location of neural generators. The aim of this study is to reconstruct ASSR sources with minimal assumptions in order to gain in-depth insight into the number and location of brain regions that are activated in response to low- as well as high-frequency acoustically amplitude modulated signals. In order to reconstruct ASSR sources, we applied independent component analysis with subsequent equivalent dipole modeling to single-subject EEG data (young adults, 20–30 years of age). These data were based on white noise stimuli, amplitude modulated at 4, 20, 40, or 80Hz. The independent components that exhibited a significant ASSR were clustered among all participants by means of a probabilistic clustering method based on a Gaussian mixture model. Results suggest that a widely distributed network of sources, located in cortical as well as subcortical regions, is active in response to 4, 20, 40, and 80Hz amplitude modulated noises. Some of these sources are located beyond the central auditory pathway. Comparison of brain sources in response to different modulation frequencies suggested that the identified brain sources in the brainstem, the left and the right auditory cortex show a higher responsiveness to 40Hz than to the other modulation frequencies.
ISSN:1053-8119
1095-9572
DOI:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.01.032