The Essential Role of Bond Energetics in C–H Activation/Functionalization

The most fundamental concepts in chemistry are structure, energetics, reactivity and their inter-relationships, which are indispensable for promoting chemistry into a rational science. In this regard, bond energy, the intrinsic determinant directly related to structure and reactivity, should be most...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Chemical reviews 2017-07, Vol.117 (13), p.8622-8648
Main Authors: Xue, Xiao-Song, Ji, Pengju, Zhou, Biying, Cheng, Jin-Pei
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Activation energy
Atoms & subatomic particles
Bond energy
Chemical bonds
Chemistry
Energy
Hydrogen
Hydrogen bonds
Measurement methods
Reactivity
Selectivity
Substrates
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Summary:The most fundamental concepts in chemistry are structure, energetics, reactivity and their inter-relationships, which are indispensable for promoting chemistry into a rational science. In this regard, bond energy, the intrinsic determinant directly related to structure and reactivity, should be most essential in serving as a quantitative basis for the design and understanding of organic transformations. Although C–H activation/functionalization have drawn tremendous research attention and flourished during the past decades, understanding the governing rules of bond energetics in these processes is still fragmentary and seems applicable only to limited cases, such as metal–oxo-mediated hydrogen atom abstraction. Despite the complexity of C–H activation/functionalization and the difficulties in measuring bond energies both for the substrates and intermediates, this is definitely a very important issue that should be more generally contemplated. To this end, this review is rooted in the energetic aspects of C–H activation/functionalization, which were previously rarely discussed in detail. Starting with a concise but necessary introduction of various classical methods for measuring heterolytic and homolytic energies for C–H bonds, the present review provides examples that applied the concept and values of C–H bond energy in rationalizing the observations associated with reactivity and/or selectivity in C–H activation/functionalization.
ISSN:0009-2665
1520-6890
DOI:10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00664