The assembly and function of perinuclear actin cap in migrating cells

Stress fibers are actin bundles encompassing actin filaments, actin-crosslinking, and actin-associated proteins that represent the major contractile system in the cell. Different types of stress fibers assemble in adherent cells, and they are central to diverse cellular processes including establish...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Protoplasma 2017-05, Vol.254 (3), p.1207-1218
Main Authors: Maninova, Miloslava, Caslavsky, Josef, Vomastek, Tomas
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Actin Capping Proteins - metabolism
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Cell Biology
Cell Movement - physiology
Cell Nucleus - metabolism
Cell Polarity - physiology
Cell Shape - physiology
Focal Adhesions - physiology
Humans
Life Sciences
Mechanotransduction, Cellular - physiology
Nuclear Envelope - metabolism
Plant Sciences
Review Article
Stress Fibers - physiology
Zoology
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Summary:Stress fibers are actin bundles encompassing actin filaments, actin-crosslinking, and actin-associated proteins that represent the major contractile system in the cell. Different types of stress fibers assemble in adherent cells, and they are central to diverse cellular processes including establishment of the cell shape, morphogenesis, cell polarization, and migration. Stress fibers display specific cellular organization and localization, with ventral fibers present at the basal side, and dorsal fibers and transverse actin arcs rising at the cell front from the ventral to the dorsal side and toward the nucleus. Perinuclear actin cap fibers are a specific subtype of stress fibers that rise from the leading edge above the nucleus and terminate at the cell rear forming a dome-like structure. Perinuclear actin cap fibers are fixed at three points: both ends are anchored in focal adhesions, while the central part is physically attached to the nucleus and nuclear lamina through the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex. Here, we discuss recent work that provides new insights into the mechanism of assembly and the function of these actin stress fibers that directly link extracellular matrix and focal adhesions with the nuclear envelope.
ISSN:0033-183X
1615-6102
DOI:10.1007/s00709-017-1077-0