Health risk assessment of exposures to a high molecular weight plasticizer present in automobile interiors

This study provides an exposure and risk assessment of diundecyl phthalate (DUP), a high molecular weight phthalate plasticizer present in automobile interiors. Total daily intake of DUP was calculated from DUP measured in wipe samples from vehicle seats from six automobiles. Four of the vehicles ex...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Chemosphere (Oxford) 2017-01, Vol.167, p.541-550
Main Authors: Perez, Angela L., Liong, Monty, Plotkin, Kevin, Rickabaugh, Keith P., Paustenbach, Dennis J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air Pollutants - analysis
Air Pollutants - chemistry
Air Pollution, Indoor - analysis
Animals
Automobiles - standards
DNEL
Exposure assessment
High molecular weight plasticizer
Humans
Inhalation Exposure - analysis
Molecular Weight
No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level
Phthalate
Phthalic Acids - analysis
Phthalic Acids - chemistry
Plasticizers - analysis
Plasticizers - chemistry
Risk Assessment
Safety
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Summary:This study provides an exposure and risk assessment of diundecyl phthalate (DUP), a high molecular weight phthalate plasticizer present in automobile interiors. Total daily intake of DUP was calculated from DUP measured in wipe samples from vehicle seats from six automobiles. Four of the vehicles exhibited atypical visible surface residue on the seats. Two vehicles with no visible surface residue were sampled as a comparison. DUP was the predominant organic compound identified in each of the wipes from all seats. A risk assessment of DUP via oral, dermal, and inhalation routes resulting from contact with automobile seats was conducted. The mean, standard deviation, and maximum DUP concentrations on the seats with visible surface residue were 6983 ± 7823 μg/100 cm2 and 38300 μg/100 cm2, respectively. The mean and 95th percentile of the mean for daily cumulative dose of DUP for all exposure routes for the seats with no visible surface residue ranged from 7 × 10−4 to 4 × 10−3 mg/kg-day and from 8 × 10−4 to 5 × 10−3 mg/kg-day, respectively. For seats with visible surface residue, cumulative doses ranged from 2 × 10−3 to 2 × 10−2 mg/kg-day and from 4 × 10−3 to 2 × 10−2 mg/kg-day, respectively. The estimated daily intake (contact or absorbed dose) of DUP from automobile seats were far lower than the NOAELs reported in and derived from animal studies, and are well below the reported Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) Derived No Effect Levels (DNELs) for the general population. Based on this analysis, using virtually any benchmark for evaluating safety, exposure to DUP via automobile seat covers did not pose a measureable increased health-risk in any population under any reasonably plausible exposure scenario. •An exposure assessment of DUP, a high molecular weight phthalate plasticizer present in automobile upholstery, was conducted.•Oral exposures from hand-to-mouth contact were estimated represent 99% of all exposures.•The estimated daily absorbed doses were far lower than the reported NOAEL and DNEL values.•This approach can be applied to exposure assessment for other phthalates in consumer products.•The maximum oral intake dose was 0.01% of the human oral NOAEL dose for DUP.
ISSN:0045-6535
1879-1298
DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.007