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The ACTN3 genotype in soccer players in response to acute eccentric training
Genetic factors can interfere with sporting performance. The identification of genetic predisposition of soccer players brings important information to trainers and coaches for individual training loads adjustment. Different responses to eccentric training could be observed by the genotype referred...
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Published in: | European journal of applied physiology 2012-04, Vol.112 (4), p.1495-1503 |
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creator | Pimenta, Eduardo Mendonça Coelho, Daniel Barbosa Cruz, Izinara Rosse Morandi, Rodrigo Figueiredo Veneroso, Christiano Eduardo de Azambuja Pussieldi, Guilherme Carvalho, Maria Raquel Santos Silami-Garcia, Emerson De Paz Fernández, José Antonio |
description | Genetic factors can interfere with sporting performance. The identification of genetic predisposition of soccer players brings important information to trainers and coaches for individual training loads adjustment. Different responses to eccentric training could be observed by the genotype referred to as α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) in biomarkers of muscle damage, hormones and inflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to compare acute inflammatory responses, muscle damage and hormonal variations according to the eccentric training in soccer professional athletes with different genetic profiles of ACTN3 (XX, RX and RR). 37 soccer professional athletes (9 XX, 13 RX, 15 RR) were randomly divided into five stations associated to eccentric muscle contraction and plyometrics. Blood samples were taken from athletes pre-eccentric training, immediately after (post), 2- and 4-h post-eccentric training to determine hormone responses (cortisol and testosterone), muscle damage (CK and α-actin), and inflammatory responses (IL-6). After eccentric training, athletes XX presented higher levels for CK (4-h post), α-actin (post and 2-h post) and cortisol (post) compared to RR and RX athletes. However, RR and RX athletes presented higher levels of testosterone (post) and IL-6 (2 h post and 4 h post) compared to athletes XX. The main conclusion of this study is that professional soccer athletes homozygous to ACTN3XX gene are more susceptible to eccentric damage and present a higher catabolic state, demonstrated by metabolic, hormonal and immune responses post an eccentric training, in comparison to ACTN3RR and ACTN3RX groups. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00421-011-2109-7 |
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The identification of genetic predisposition of soccer players brings important information to trainers and coaches for individual training loads adjustment. Different responses to eccentric training could be observed by the genotype referred to as α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) in biomarkers of muscle damage, hormones and inflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to compare acute inflammatory responses, muscle damage and hormonal variations according to the eccentric training in soccer professional athletes with different genetic profiles of ACTN3 (XX, RX and RR). 37 soccer professional athletes (9 XX, 13 RX, 15 RR) were randomly divided into five stations associated to eccentric muscle contraction and plyometrics. Blood samples were taken from athletes pre-eccentric training, immediately after (post), 2- and 4-h post-eccentric training to determine hormone responses (cortisol and testosterone), muscle damage (CK and α-actin), and inflammatory responses (IL-6). After eccentric training, athletes XX presented higher levels for CK (4-h post), α-actin (post and 2-h post) and cortisol (post) compared to RR and RX athletes. However, RR and RX athletes presented higher levels of testosterone (post) and IL-6 (2 h post and 4 h post) compared to athletes XX. The main conclusion of this study is that professional soccer athletes homozygous to ACTN3XX gene are more susceptible to eccentric damage and present a higher catabolic state, demonstrated by metabolic, hormonal and immune responses post an eccentric training, in comparison to ACTN3RR and ACTN3RX groups.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1439-6319</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1439-6327</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-2109-7</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21842214</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Actinin - genetics ; Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Athletic Performance ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biomarkers ; Biomarkers - blood ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Brazil ; Creatine Kinase - blood ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype & phenotype ; Homozygote ; Hormones ; Human Physiology ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone - blood ; Inflammation Mediators - blood ; Interleukin-6 - blood ; Male ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal - pathology ; Muscle, Skeletal - physiopathology ; Muscular Diseases - blood ; Muscular Diseases - genetics ; Muscular Diseases - physiopathology ; Musculoskeletal system ; Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine ; Original Article ; Phenotype ; Physical education ; Plyometric Exercise ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Proteins ; Soccer ; Sports Medicine ; Testosterone - blood ; Time Factors ; Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>European journal of applied physiology, 2012-04, Vol.112 (4), p.1495-1503</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag 2011</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c467t-fbfae51991b6af907c23acb821c1281f8bb4c85f5e1a1d19c8d36e2314d97f313</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c467t-fbfae51991b6af907c23acb821c1281f8bb4c85f5e1a1d19c8d36e2314d97f313</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>315,786,790,27957,27958</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=25652004$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21842214$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Pimenta, Eduardo Mendonça</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coelho, Daniel Barbosa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cruz, Izinara Rosse</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morandi, Rodrigo Figueiredo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Veneroso, Christiano Eduardo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Azambuja Pussieldi, Guilherme</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carvalho, Maria Raquel Santos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Silami-Garcia, Emerson</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>De Paz Fernández, José Antonio</creatorcontrib><title>The ACTN3 genotype in soccer players in response to acute eccentric training</title><title>European journal of applied physiology</title><addtitle>Eur J Appl Physiol</addtitle><addtitle>Eur J Appl Physiol</addtitle><description>Genetic factors can interfere with sporting performance. The identification of genetic predisposition of soccer players brings important information to trainers and coaches for individual training loads adjustment. Different responses to eccentric training could be observed by the genotype referred to as α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) in biomarkers of muscle damage, hormones and inflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to compare acute inflammatory responses, muscle damage and hormonal variations according to the eccentric training in soccer professional athletes with different genetic profiles of ACTN3 (XX, RX and RR). 37 soccer professional athletes (9 XX, 13 RX, 15 RR) were randomly divided into five stations associated to eccentric muscle contraction and plyometrics. Blood samples were taken from athletes pre-eccentric training, immediately after (post), 2- and 4-h post-eccentric training to determine hormone responses (cortisol and testosterone), muscle damage (CK and α-actin), and inflammatory responses (IL-6). After eccentric training, athletes XX presented higher levels for CK (4-h post), α-actin (post and 2-h post) and cortisol (post) compared to RR and RX athletes. However, RR and RX athletes presented higher levels of testosterone (post) and IL-6 (2 h post and 4 h post) compared to athletes XX. The main conclusion of this study is that professional soccer athletes homozygous to ACTN3XX gene are more susceptible to eccentric damage and present a higher catabolic state, demonstrated by metabolic, hormonal and immune responses post an eccentric training, in comparison to ACTN3RR and ACTN3RX groups.</description><subject>Actinin - genetics</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Analysis of Variance</subject><subject>Athletic Performance</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biomarkers</subject><subject>Biomarkers - blood</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Brazil</subject><subject>Creatine Kinase - blood</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Genetic Predisposition to Disease</subject><subject>Genotype & phenotype</subject><subject>Homozygote</subject><subject>Hormones</subject><subject>Human Physiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hydrocortisone - blood</subject><subject>Inflammation Mediators - blood</subject><subject>Interleukin-6 - blood</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Muscle Contraction</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - pathology</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - physiopathology</subject><subject>Muscular Diseases - blood</subject><subject>Muscular Diseases - genetics</subject><subject>Muscular Diseases - physiopathology</subject><subject>Musculoskeletal system</subject><subject>Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Phenotype</subject><subject>Physical education</subject><subject>Plyometric Exercise</subject><subject>Polymorphism, Genetic</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Soccer</subject><subject>Sports Medicine</subject><subject>Testosterone - blood</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Vertebrates: body movement. 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Psychology</topic><topic>Genetic Predisposition to Disease</topic><topic>Genotype & phenotype</topic><topic>Homozygote</topic><topic>Hormones</topic><topic>Human Physiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hydrocortisone - blood</topic><topic>Inflammation Mediators - blood</topic><topic>Interleukin-6 - blood</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Muscle Contraction</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - pathology</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - physiopathology</topic><topic>Muscular Diseases - blood</topic><topic>Muscular Diseases - genetics</topic><topic>Muscular Diseases - physiopathology</topic><topic>Musculoskeletal system</topic><topic>Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Phenotype</topic><topic>Physical education</topic><topic>Plyometric Exercise</topic><topic>Polymorphism, Genetic</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Soccer</topic><topic>Sports Medicine</topic><topic>Testosterone - blood</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Vertebrates: body movement. 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The identification of genetic predisposition of soccer players brings important information to trainers and coaches for individual training loads adjustment. Different responses to eccentric training could be observed by the genotype referred to as α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) in biomarkers of muscle damage, hormones and inflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to compare acute inflammatory responses, muscle damage and hormonal variations according to the eccentric training in soccer professional athletes with different genetic profiles of ACTN3 (XX, RX and RR). 37 soccer professional athletes (9 XX, 13 RX, 15 RR) were randomly divided into five stations associated to eccentric muscle contraction and plyometrics. Blood samples were taken from athletes pre-eccentric training, immediately after (post), 2- and 4-h post-eccentric training to determine hormone responses (cortisol and testosterone), muscle damage (CK and α-actin), and inflammatory responses (IL-6). After eccentric training, athletes XX presented higher levels for CK (4-h post), α-actin (post and 2-h post) and cortisol (post) compared to RR and RX athletes. However, RR and RX athletes presented higher levels of testosterone (post) and IL-6 (2 h post and 4 h post) compared to athletes XX. The main conclusion of this study is that professional soccer athletes homozygous to ACTN3XX gene are more susceptible to eccentric damage and present a higher catabolic state, demonstrated by metabolic, hormonal and immune responses post an eccentric training, in comparison to ACTN3RR and ACTN3RX groups.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><pmid>21842214</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00421-011-2109-7</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Actinin - genetics Adult Analysis of Variance Athletic Performance Biological and medical sciences Biomarkers Biomarkers - blood Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Brazil Creatine Kinase - blood Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genotype & phenotype Homozygote Hormones Human Physiology Humans Hydrocortisone - blood Inflammation Mediators - blood Interleukin-6 - blood Male Muscle Contraction Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism Muscle, Skeletal - pathology Muscle, Skeletal - physiopathology Muscular Diseases - blood Muscular Diseases - genetics Muscular Diseases - physiopathology Musculoskeletal system Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine Original Article Phenotype Physical education Plyometric Exercise Polymorphism, Genetic Proteins Soccer Sports Medicine Testosterone - blood Time Factors Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports Young Adult |
title | The ACTN3 genotype in soccer players in response to acute eccentric training |
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