The ACTN3 genotype in soccer players in response to acute eccentric training

Genetic factors can interfere with sporting performance. The identification of genetic predisposition of soccer players brings important information to trainers and coaches for individual training loads adjustment. Different responses to eccentric training could be observed by the genotype referred...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:European journal of applied physiology 2012-04, Vol.112 (4), p.1495-1503
Main Authors: Pimenta, Eduardo Mendonça, Coelho, Daniel Barbosa, Cruz, Izinara Rosse, Morandi, Rodrigo Figueiredo, Veneroso, Christiano Eduardo, de Azambuja Pussieldi, Guilherme, Carvalho, Maria Raquel Santos, Silami-Garcia, Emerson, De Paz Fernández, José Antonio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Actinin - genetics
Adult
Analysis of Variance
Athletic Performance
Biological and medical sciences
Biomarkers
Biomarkers - blood
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Brazil
Creatine Kinase - blood
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Genotype & phenotype
Homozygote
Hormones
Human Physiology
Humans
Hydrocortisone - blood
Inflammation Mediators - blood
Interleukin-6 - blood
Male
Muscle Contraction
Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism
Muscle, Skeletal - pathology
Muscle, Skeletal - physiopathology
Muscular Diseases - blood
Muscular Diseases - genetics
Muscular Diseases - physiopathology
Musculoskeletal system
Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine
Original Article
Phenotype
Physical education
Plyometric Exercise
Polymorphism, Genetic
Proteins
Soccer
Sports Medicine
Testosterone - blood
Time Factors
Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports
Young Adult
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Summary:Genetic factors can interfere with sporting performance. The identification of genetic predisposition of soccer players brings important information to trainers and coaches for individual training loads adjustment. Different responses to eccentric training could be observed by the genotype referred to as α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) in biomarkers of muscle damage, hormones and inflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to compare acute inflammatory responses, muscle damage and hormonal variations according to the eccentric training in soccer professional athletes with different genetic profiles of ACTN3 (XX, RX and RR). 37 soccer professional athletes (9 XX, 13 RX, 15 RR) were randomly divided into five stations associated to eccentric muscle contraction and plyometrics. Blood samples were taken from athletes pre-eccentric training, immediately after (post), 2- and 4-h post-eccentric training to determine hormone responses (cortisol and testosterone), muscle damage (CK and α-actin), and inflammatory responses (IL-6). After eccentric training, athletes XX presented higher levels for CK (4-h post), α-actin (post and 2-h post) and cortisol (post) compared to RR and RX athletes. However, RR and RX athletes presented higher levels of testosterone (post) and IL-6 (2 h post and 4 h post) compared to athletes XX. The main conclusion of this study is that professional soccer athletes homozygous to ACTN3XX gene are more susceptible to eccentric damage and present a higher catabolic state, demonstrated by metabolic, hormonal and immune responses post an eccentric training, in comparison to ACTN3RR and ACTN3RX groups.
ISSN:1439-6319
1439-6327
DOI:10.1007/s00421-011-2109-7