Excess intake of fat and sugar potentiates epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia in male rats

Abstract Aims Over the past five decades, per capita caloric intake has increased significantly, and diet- and stress-related diseases are more prevalent. The stress hormone epinephrine stimulates hepatic glucose release during a stress response. The present experiment tested the hypothesis that exc...

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Published in:Journal of diabetes and its complications 2015-04, Vol.29 (3), p.329-337
Main Authors: Ross, Amy P, Darling, Jenna N, Parent, Marise B
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Blood Glucose - drug effects
Blood Glucose - metabolism
Cafeteria-style diet
Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects
Dietary Carbohydrates - adverse effects
Disease Progression
Eating - physiology
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Epinephrine - adverse effects
Glucose
Hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia - chemically induced
Hyperglycemia - pathology
Insulin
Insulin Resistance
Male
Non-alcoholic fatty liver
Obesity
Obesity - blood
Obesity - pathology
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Rodents
Steatosis
Weight control
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Summary:Abstract Aims Over the past five decades, per capita caloric intake has increased significantly, and diet- and stress-related diseases are more prevalent. The stress hormone epinephrine stimulates hepatic glucose release during a stress response. The present experiment tested the hypothesis that excess caloric intake alters this ability of epinephrine to increase blood glucose. Methods Sprague–Dawley rats were fed a high-energy cafeteria-style diet (HED). Weight gain during the first 5 days on the diet was used to divide the rats into an HED-lean group and HED-obese group. After 9 weeks, the rats were injected with epinephrine, and blood glucose was measured. Results HED-obese rats gained body and fat mass, and developed insulin resistance (IR) and hepatic steatosis. HED-lean and control rats did not differ. Epinephrine produced larger increases in blood glucose in the HED-obese rats than in the HED-lean and control rats. Removing the high-energy components of the diet for 4 weeks reversed the potentiated effects of epinephrine on glucose and corrected the IR but not the steatosis or obesity. Conclusions Consumption of a high-energy cafeteria diet potentiates epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia. This effect is associated with insulin resistance but not adiposity or steatosis and is reversed by 4 weeks of standard chow.
ISSN:1056-8727
1873-460X
DOI:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2014.12.017