Oxidative Stress: Placenta Function and Dysfunction

During pregnancy, the placenta is a site of active oxygen metabolism that continuously generates oxidative stress (OS). Overproduction of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species can destroy normal placental functions. Therefore, the feto‐placental unit generates abundant antioxidants t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:American journal of reproductive immunology (1989) 2016-10, Vol.76 (4), p.258-271
Main Authors: Wu, Fan, Tian, Fu-Ju, Lin, Yi, Xu, Wang-Ming
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antioxidants
Antioxidants - metabolism
Female
Gene expression
Humans
Immunomodulation
immunoregulation
intrauterine growth restriction
Metabolism
Oxidative Stress
Placenta - metabolism
preeclampsia
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Complications - metabolism
Pregnancy Outcome
Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism
spontaneous abortion
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Summary:During pregnancy, the placenta is a site of active oxygen metabolism that continuously generates oxidative stress (OS). Overproduction of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species can destroy normal placental functions. Therefore, the feto‐placental unit generates abundant antioxidants to keep OS under control. Properly controlled oxidative species have been proven to serve as indispensable cellular signal messengers by regulating gene expression and downstream cellular activities. OS also plays an important immunoregulatory role during pregnancy. Oxidative disorder and immune disturbances are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. In this review, we introduce recent studies revealing basal functions and regulatory roles of placental OS in metabolism and immunity. The relationships between OS‐ and pregnancy‐related disorders are also discussed.
ISSN:1046-7408
1600-0897
DOI:10.1111/aji.12454