Determinant Factors of Long-Term Performance Development in Young Swimmers

To develop a performance predictor model based on swimmers' biomechanical profile, relate the partial contribution of the main predictors with the training program, and analyze the time effect, sex effect, and time × sex interaction. 91 swimmers (44 boys, 12.04 ± 0.81 y; 47 girls, 11.22 ± 0.98...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of sports physiology and performance 2017-02, Vol.12 (2), p.198-205
Main Authors: Morais, Jorge E, Silva, António J, Marinho, Daniel A, Lopes, Vítor P, Barbosa, Tiago M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age Factors
Anthropometry
Aptitude
Athletic Performance - physiology
Biomechanical Phenomena
Body measurements
Child
Efficiency
Efficiency - physiology
Female
Humans
Male
Physical Conditioning, Human - methods
Sex Factors
Swimming - physiology
Time Factors
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Summary:To develop a performance predictor model based on swimmers' biomechanical profile, relate the partial contribution of the main predictors with the training program, and analyze the time effect, sex effect, and time × sex interaction. 91 swimmers (44 boys, 12.04 ± 0.81 y; 47 girls, 11.22 ± 0.98 y) evaluated during a 3-y period. The decimal age and anthropometric, kinematic, and efficiency features were collected 10 different times over 3 seasons (ie, longitudinal research). Hierarchical linear modeling was the procedure used to estimate the performance predictors. Performance improved between season 1 early and season 3 late for both sexes (boys 26.9% [20.88;32.96], girls 16.1% [10.34;22.54]). Decimal age (estimate [EST] -2.05, P < .001), arm span (EST -0.59, P < .001), stroke length (EST 3.82; P = .002), and propelling efficiency (EST -0.17, P = .001) were entered in the final model. Over 3 consecutive seasons young swimmers' performance improved. Performance is a multifactorial phenomenon where anthropometrics, kinematics, and efficiency were the main determinants. The change of these factors over time was coupled with the training plans of this talent identification and development program.
ISSN:1555-0265
1555-0273
DOI:10.1123/ijspp.2015-0420