Organ burden and pulmonary toxicity of nano-sized copper (II) oxide particles after short-term inhalation exposure

Introduction: Increased use of nanomaterials has raised concerns about the potential for undesirable human health and environmental effects. Releases into the air may occur and, therefore, the inhalation route is of specific interest. Here we tested copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) after repeate...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nanotoxicology 2016-09, Vol.10 (8), p.1084-1095
Main Authors: Gosens, Ilse, Cassee, Flemming R., Zanella, Michela, Manodori, Laura, Brunelli, Andrea, Costa, Anna Luisa, Bokkers, Bas G. H., de Jong, Wim H., Brown, David, Hristozov, Danail, Stone, Vicki
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aerosols
Animals
Atoms & subatomic particles
Benchmark dose modelling
Body Burden
Copper
Copper - chemistry
Copper - pharmacokinetics
Copper - toxicity
copper oxide
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Humans
Inhalation Exposure - adverse effects
Inhalation Exposure - analysis
Lung - drug effects
Lung - immunology
Lung - pathology
Male
Nanoparticles
Nanoparticles - chemistry
Nanoparticles - toxicity
organ burden
Original
Particle Size
Pneumonia - chemically induced
Pneumonia - pathology
pulmonary toxicity
Rats
Respiratory Mucosa - drug effects
Respiratory Mucosa - immunology
Respiratory Mucosa - pathology
Rodents
Surface Properties
Toxicity
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Summary:Introduction: Increased use of nanomaterials has raised concerns about the potential for undesirable human health and environmental effects. Releases into the air may occur and, therefore, the inhalation route is of specific interest. Here we tested copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) after repeated inhalation as hazard data for this material and exposure route is currently lacking for risk assessment. Methods: Rats were exposed nose-only to a single exposure concentration and by varying the exposure time, different dose levels were obtained (C × T protocol). The dose is expressed as 6 h-concentration equivalents of 0, 0.6, 2.4, 3.3, 6.3, and 13.2 mg/m 3 CuO NPs, with a primary particle size of 10 9.2-14 nm and an MMAD of 1.5 μm. Results: Twenty-four hours after a 5-d exposure, dose-dependent lung inflammation and cytotoxicity were observed. Histopathological examinations indicated alveolitis, bronchiolitis, vacuolation of the respiratory epithelium, and emphysema in the lung starting at 2.4 mg/m 3 . After a recovery period of 22 d, limited inflammation was still observed, but only at the highest dose of 13.2 mg/m 3 . The olfactory epithelium in the nose degenerated 24 h after exposure to 6.3 and 13.2 mg/m 3 , but this was restored after 22 d. No histopathological changes were detected in the brain, olfactory bulb, spleen, kidney and liver. Conclusion: A 5-d, 6-h/day exposure equivalent to an aerosol of agglomerated CuO NPs resulted in a dose-dependent toxicity in rats, which almost completely resolved during a 3-week post-exposure period.
ISSN:1743-5390
1743-5404
DOI:10.3109/17435390.2016.1172678