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Improved bioactivity of selective laser melting titanium: Surface modification with micro-/nano-textured hierarchical topography and bone regeneration performance evaluation

Selective laser melting (SLM) titanium requires surface modification to improve its bioactivity. The microrough surface of it can be utilized as the micro primary substrate to create a micro-/nano-textured topography for improved bone regeneration. In this study, the microrough SLM titanium substrat...

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Published in:Materials Science & Engineering C 2016-11, Vol.68, p.229-240
Main Authors: Xu, Jia-yun, Chen, Xian-shuai, Zhang, Chun-yu, Liu, Yun, Wang, Jing, Deng, Fei-long
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container_title Materials Science & Engineering C
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creator Xu, Jia-yun
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description Selective laser melting (SLM) titanium requires surface modification to improve its bioactivity. The microrough surface of it can be utilized as the micro primary substrate to create a micro-/nano-textured topography for improved bone regeneration. In this study, the microrough SLM titanium substrate was optimized by sandblasting, and nano-porous features of orderly arranged nanotubes and disorderly arranged nanonet were produced by anodization (SAN) and alkali-heat treatment (SAH), respectively. The results were compared with the control group of an untreated surface (native-SLM) and a microtopography only surface treated by acid etching (SLA). The effects of the different topographies on cell functions and bone formation performance were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. It was found that micro-/nano-textured topographies of SAN and SAH showed enhanced cell behaviour relative to the microtopography of SLA with significantly higher proliferation on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th day (P
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The microrough surface of it can be utilized as the micro primary substrate to create a micro-/nano-textured topography for improved bone regeneration. In this study, the microrough SLM titanium substrate was optimized by sandblasting, and nano-porous features of orderly arranged nanotubes and disorderly arranged nanonet were produced by anodization (SAN) and alkali-heat treatment (SAH), respectively. The results were compared with the control group of an untreated surface (native-SLM) and a microtopography only surface treated by acid etching (SLA). The effects of the different topographies on cell functions and bone formation performance were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. It was found that micro-/nano-textured topographies of SAN and SAH showed enhanced cell behaviour relative to the microtopography of SLA with significantly higher proliferation on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th day (P&lt;0.05) and higher total protein contents on the 14th day (P&lt;0.05). In vivo, SAN and SAH formed more successively regenerated bone, which resulted in higher bone-implant contact (BIC%) and bone-bonding force than native-SLM and SLA. In addition, the three-dimensional nanonet of SAH was expected to be more similar to native extracellular matrix (ECM) and thus led to better bone formation. The alkaline phosphatase activity of SAH was significantly higher than the other three groups at an earlier stage of the 7th day (P&lt;0.05) and the BIC% was nearly double that of native-SLM and SLA in the 8th week. In conclusion, the addition of nano-porous features on the microrough SLM titanium surface is effective in improving the bioactivity and bone regeneration performance, in which the ECM-like nanonet with a disorderly arranged biomimetic feature is suggested to be more efficient than nanotubes. •SLM titanium is modified by adding nano-porous features to the microrough substrate.•Micro-/nano-topography surpasses microtopography in improving bone regeneration.•Micro-/nano-topography induces successive growth of bone on SLM titanium surface.•Alkali-heat treatment creates nanonet topography and hydrophilic surface as well.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0928-4931</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-0191</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.05.096</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27524017</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Animals ; Bone Regeneration - drug effects ; Cell Line ; Lasers ; Materials Testing ; Mice ; Micro-/nano-topography ; Nano-porous ; Nanopores ; Osseointegration ; Osteoblasts - metabolism ; Selective laser melting ; Surface modification ; Titanium ; Titanium - chemistry ; Titanium - pharmacology ; Wettability</subject><ispartof>Materials Science &amp; Engineering C, 2016-11, Vol.68, p.229-240</ispartof><rights>2016 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. 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The microrough surface of it can be utilized as the micro primary substrate to create a micro-/nano-textured topography for improved bone regeneration. In this study, the microrough SLM titanium substrate was optimized by sandblasting, and nano-porous features of orderly arranged nanotubes and disorderly arranged nanonet were produced by anodization (SAN) and alkali-heat treatment (SAH), respectively. The results were compared with the control group of an untreated surface (native-SLM) and a microtopography only surface treated by acid etching (SLA). The effects of the different topographies on cell functions and bone formation performance were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. It was found that micro-/nano-textured topographies of SAN and SAH showed enhanced cell behaviour relative to the microtopography of SLA with significantly higher proliferation on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th day (P&lt;0.05) and higher total protein contents on the 14th day (P&lt;0.05). In vivo, SAN and SAH formed more successively regenerated bone, which resulted in higher bone-implant contact (BIC%) and bone-bonding force than native-SLM and SLA. In addition, the three-dimensional nanonet of SAH was expected to be more similar to native extracellular matrix (ECM) and thus led to better bone formation. The alkaline phosphatase activity of SAH was significantly higher than the other three groups at an earlier stage of the 7th day (P&lt;0.05) and the BIC% was nearly double that of native-SLM and SLA in the 8th week. In conclusion, the addition of nano-porous features on the microrough SLM titanium surface is effective in improving the bioactivity and bone regeneration performance, in which the ECM-like nanonet with a disorderly arranged biomimetic feature is suggested to be more efficient than nanotubes. •SLM titanium is modified by adding nano-porous features to the microrough substrate.•Micro-/nano-topography surpasses microtopography in improving bone regeneration.•Micro-/nano-topography induces successive growth of bone on SLM titanium surface.•Alkali-heat treatment creates nanonet topography and hydrophilic surface as well.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>27524017</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.msec.2016.05.096</doi><tpages>12</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects Animals
Bone Regeneration - drug effects
Cell Line
Lasers
Materials Testing
Mice
Micro-/nano-topography
Nano-porous
Nanopores
Osseointegration
Osteoblasts - metabolism
Selective laser melting
Surface modification
Titanium
Titanium - chemistry
Titanium - pharmacology
Wettability
title Improved bioactivity of selective laser melting titanium: Surface modification with micro-/nano-textured hierarchical topography and bone regeneration performance evaluation
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