Conservation of Native Pacific Trout Diversity in Western North America

Pacific trout Oncorhynchus spp. in western North America are strongly valued in ecological, socioeconomic, and cultural views, and have been the subject of substantial research and conservation efforts. Despite this, the understanding of their evolutionary histories, overall diversity, and challenge...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Fisheries 2016-06, Vol.41 (6), p.286-300
Main Authors: Penaluna, Brooke E., Abadía‐Cardoso, Alicia, Dunham, Jason B., García‐Dé León, Francisco J., Gresswell, Robert E., Luna, Arturo Ruiz, Taylor, Eric B., Shepard, Bradley B., Al‐Chokhachy, Robert, Muhlfeld, Clint C., Bestgen, Kevin R., Rogers, Kevin, Escalante, Marco A., Keeley, Ernest R., Temple, Gabriel M., Williams, Jack E., Matthews, Kathleen R., Pierce, Ron, Mayden, Richard L., Kovach, Ryan P., Garza, John Carlos, Fausch, Kurt D.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Brackish
Climate change
Conservation
Freshwater fishes
Introduced species
Marine
Marine fishes
Oncorhynchus
Salmon
Water use
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Summary:Pacific trout Oncorhynchus spp. in western North America are strongly valued in ecological, socioeconomic, and cultural views, and have been the subject of substantial research and conservation efforts. Despite this, the understanding of their evolutionary histories, overall diversity, and challenges to their conservation is incomplete. We review the state of knowledge on these important issues, focusing on Pacific trout in the genus Oncorhynchus. Although most research on salmonid fishes emphasizes Pacific salmon, we focus on Pacific trout because they share a common evolutionary history, and many taxa in western North America have not been formally described, particularly in the southern extent of their ranges. Research in recent decades has led to the revision of many hypotheses concerning the origin and diversification of Pacific trout throughout their range. Although there has been significant success at addressing past threats to Pacific trout, contemporary and future threats represented by nonnative species, land and water use activities, and climate change pose challenges and uncertainties. Ultimately, conservation of Pacific trout depends on how well these issues are understood and addressed, and on solutions that allow these species to coexist with a growing scope of human influences. La trucha del Pacífico Oncorhynchus spp. en el oeste de Norteamérica tiene un alto valor desde el punto de vista ecológico, socioeconómico y cultural, y ha sido objeto de importantes esfuerzos de conservación e investigación. A pesar de ello, el conocimiento que se tiene sobre su historia evolutiva, diversidad general y retos de conservación sigue siendo incompleto. Se hace una revisión del estado del conocimiento sobre estos puntos, con énfasis en la trucha del Pacífico dentro del género Oncorhynchus. Si bien la mayor parte de los estudios hechos sobre salmónidos se enfocan al salmón del Pacífico, aquí nos enfocamos en la trucha del Pacífico ya que ambos groupos de especies comparten una historia evolutiva en común sobre todo en lo que se refiere al extremo sur de sus rangos de distribución. En investigaciones llevadas a cabo en décadas recientes, se han revisado varias hipótesis relativas al origen y diversificación de la trucha del Pacífico a lo largo de su rango de distribución. Aunque se han logrado identificar adecuadamente las amenazas pasadas que enfrentó la trucha del Pacífico, las amenazas actuales y futuras que representan especies no nativas, actividades
ISSN:0363-2415
1548-8446
1548-8675
DOI:10.1080/03632415.2016.1175888