Value of copper, zinc, and oxidized charcoal for increasing forage efficiency of urea N uptake

•OCh was more effective than Cu and/or Zn for prolonging NH4+-N availability in soil.•OCh alone or in combination with Zn and Cu had no effect on biomass production or N recovery.•Zn in conjunction with urea supply an essential nutrient for crop.•Addition of Zn in conjunction with urea led to a sign...

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Published in:Agriculture, ecosystems & environment ecosystems & environment, 2016-05, Vol.224, p.157-165
Main Authors: Guimarães, Gelton G.F., Mulvaney, Richard L., Cantarutti, Reinaldo B., Teixeira, Breno C., Vergütz, Leonardus
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
15N
Forage production
Panicum maximum
Urease inhibitors
Zn fertilization
Zn-N synergism
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Summary:•OCh was more effective than Cu and/or Zn for prolonging NH4+-N availability in soil.•OCh alone or in combination with Zn and Cu had no effect on biomass production or N recovery.•Zn in conjunction with urea supply an essential nutrient for crop.•Addition of Zn in conjunction with urea led to a significant increase in N uptake.•Zn as a urea amendment has practical potential to improve forage quality. Volatilization losses reduce the efficiency of surface-applied urea for crop N uptake, and can be controlled using urease inhibitors to retard hydrolysis or by the presence of other amendments that enhance retention of NH4+ formed by urea hydrolysis. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of oxidized charcoal (OCh; 150gkg−1 fertilizer) applied with or without Cu and/or Zn (∼0.5–2gkg−1 fertilizer), and of Cu and/or Zn applied without OCh, for increasing uptake of urea 15N by a common tropical pasture grass, capim-Mombaça (Panicum maximum Jacq. Cv. Mombaça), grown on a coarse-textured Oxisol. Cuttings were collected 5, 14, 28, 42, and 56days after surface placement of amended or unamended urea pellets to estimate dry matter production, total N uptake, and 15N recovery. Soil sampling was carried out in conjunction with the first and fourth cuts to evaluate exchangeable NH4+ and NO3− concentrations. At the concentrations studied, OCh was more effective than Cu and/or Zn for prolonging NH4+-N availability in urea-treated soil; however, OCh alone or in combination with Zn and Cu had no effect on biomass production or N recovery and can safely be eliminated as a useful option for pasture improvement. The most promising amendment was Zn, which significantly increased total N uptake and the efficiency of urea N fertilization. The use of Zn in conjunction with urea has practical potential to improve forage production on tropical soils.
ISSN:0167-8809
1873-2305
DOI:10.1016/j.agee.2016.03.036