Carbon dots incorporated polymeric hydrogels as multifunctional platform for imaging and induction of apoptosis in lung cancer cells

[Display omitted] Multifunctional carbon dots integrated hydrogels loaded with chemotherapeutic drug, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU@CD-HY) for simultaneous monitoring of cellular uptake and triggering of apoptotic signaling pathway in cancer cells. Abbreviations used: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), carbon dots (CDs)...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Colloids and surfaces, B, Biointerfaces B, Biointerfaces, 2016-05, Vol.141, p.242-252
Main Authors: Sachdev, Abhay, Matai, Ishita, Gopinath, P.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
5-Fluorouracil
A549 Cells
Animals
Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic - chemistry
Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic - pharmacokinetics
Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic - pharmacology
Apoptosis
Apoptosis - drug effects
Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins - genetics
Carbon - chemistry
Carbon dots
Cell Cycle - drug effects
Cell Survival - drug effects
Drug Liberation
Fluorouracil - chemistry
Fluorouracil - pharmacokinetics
Fluorouracil - pharmacology
Gene Expression - drug effects
Humans
Hydrogel
Hydrogels - chemistry
Lung Neoplasms - genetics
Lung Neoplasms - metabolism
Lung Neoplasms - pathology
Mice
Microscopy, Electron
Microscopy, Fluorescence
NIH 3T3 Cells
Polymers - chemistry
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Spectrophotometry
Theranostics
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Summary:[Display omitted] Multifunctional carbon dots integrated hydrogels loaded with chemotherapeutic drug, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU@CD-HY) for simultaneous monitoring of cellular uptake and triggering of apoptotic signaling pathway in cancer cells. Abbreviations used: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), carbon dots (CDs), hydrogels (HY), B-cell lymphoma 2 (bcl 2), basal cell lymphoma-extra large (bcl-xl), bcl 2 associated X protein (bax), bcl 2 associated death promoter (bad), cytochrome c (cyt c). •Carbon dots integrated hydrogels loaded with an anticancer drug, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU@CD-HY) have been fabricated via a versatile approach.•5-FU@CD-HY exhibits intact fluorescence, higher surface area, mechanical strength, swelling behavior and pH dependent drug release.•The multifunctional aspects of 5-FU@CD-HY were investigated using A549 (lung cancer) cell line as an in vitro model system.•5-FU@CD-HY serve as a nanotheranostic system for monitoring the cellular uptake and cytotoxic effects of anticancer drugs. Multifunctional hydrogels offer a seemingly efficient system for delivery of drugs and bioimaging modalities. The present study deals with the facile development of chitosan-based hydrogel formulation composed of highly fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) and loaded with a model anticancer drug, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). Herein, CDs were embedded firmly within the hydrogel matrices (CD-HY) via non-covalent interactions during the ionic cross-linking reaction. Furthermore, these hydrogels could effectively encapsulate 5-FU through hydrophobic interactions to form 5-FU@CD-HY. In this way, it was possible to combine the merits of both CDs and 5-FU on a common platform for monitoring the cellular uptake as well as therapeutic effects. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) illustrated the porous nature and formation of 5-FU@CD-HY. Besides, functional characteristics of 5-FU@CD-HY such as surface area, mechanical strength, swelling behavior and drug release were investigated. In vitro studies revealed the multifunctional aspects of 5-FU@CD-HY in monitoring the cellular uptake and inflicting apoptosis in A549 cells. Green fluorescence of CDs in 5-FU@CD-HY aided the qualitative and quantitative assessment of cellular uptake. In addition to this, the fluorescence of CDs could be used to detect apoptosis instigated by 5-FU, eliminating the need for multiplex
ISSN:0927-7765
1873-4367
DOI:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.01.043