Fouling Issues in Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) for Wastewater Treatment: Major Mechanisms, Prevention and Control Strategies

Membrane fouling is one of the most important considerations in the design and operation of membrane systems as it affects pretreatment needs, cleaning requirements, operating conditions, cost and performance. Given that membrane fouling represents the main limitation to membrane process operation,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Processes 2014-12, Vol.2 (4), p.795-866
Main Authors: Gkotsis, Petros K, Banti, Dimitra Ch, Peleka, Efrosini N, Zouboulis, Anastasios I, Samaras, Petros E
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bioreactors
Chemical cleaning
Communities
Design engineering
Fouling
Membranes
Optimization
Pretreatment
Strategy
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Summary:Membrane fouling is one of the most important considerations in the design and operation of membrane systems as it affects pretreatment needs, cleaning requirements, operating conditions, cost and performance. Given that membrane fouling represents the main limitation to membrane process operation, it is unsurprising that the majority of membrane material and process research and development conducted is dedicated to its characterization and amelioration. This work presents the fundamentals of fouling issues in membrane separations, with specific regard to membrane fouling in Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) and the most frequently applied preventive-control strategies. Feed pretreatment, physical and chemical cleaning protocols, optimal operation of MBR process and membrane surface modification are presented and discussed in detail. Membrane fouling is the major obstacle to the widespread application of the MBR technology and, therefore, fouling preventive-control strategies is a hot issue that strongly concerns not only the scientific community, but industry as well.
ISSN:2227-9717
2227-9717
DOI:10.3390/pr2040795