Turbo and Turbo-Like Codes: Principles and Applications in Telecommunications

For decades, the de facto standard for forward error correction was a convolutional code decoded with the Viterbi algorithm, often concatenated with another code (e.g., a Reed-Solomon code). But since the introduction of turbo codes in 1993, much more powerful codes referred to collectively as turbo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Proceedings of the IEEE 2007, Vol.95 (6), p.1228-1254
Main Authors: Gracie, Ken, Hamon, Marie-HÉlÈne
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algorithms
Arrays
Channel capacity
Code standards
Composite codes
Concatenated codes
Convolutional codes
Decoding
design and implementation
Error correction
Forward error correction
Gain
iterative decoding
low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes
Reed-Solomon codes
Systems design
Telecommunication standards
Telecommunications
Turbo codes
turbo product codes
Viterbi algorithm
Widening
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Summary:For decades, the de facto standard for forward error correction was a convolutional code decoded with the Viterbi algorithm, often concatenated with another code (e.g., a Reed-Solomon code). But since the introduction of turbo codes in 1993, much more powerful codes referred to collectively as turbo and turbo-like codes have eclipsed classical methods. These powerful error-correcting techniques achieve excellent error-rate performance that can closely approach Shannon's channel capacity limit. The lure of these large coding gains has resulted in their incorporation into a widening array of telecommunications standards and systems. This paper will briefly characterize turbo and turbo-like codes, examine their implications for physical layer system design, and discuss standards and systems where they are being used. The emphasis will be on telecommunications applications, particularly wireless, though others are mentioned. Some thoughts on the use of turbo and turbo-like codes in the future will also be given.
ISSN:0018-9219
1558-2256
DOI:10.1109/JPROC.2007.895197