Impact of repetitive DNA on sex chromosome evolution in plants

Structurally and functionally diverged sex chromosomes have evolved in many animals as well as in some plants. Sex chromosomes represent a specific genomic region(s) with locally suppressed recombination. As a consequence, repetitive sequences involving transposable elements, tandem repeats (satelli...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Chromosome Research 2015-09, Vol.23 (3), p.561-570
Main Authors: Hobza, Roman, Kubat, Zdenek, Cegan, Radim, Jesionek, Wojciech, Vyskot, Boris, Kejnovsky, Eduard
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal Genetics and Genomics
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Cell Biology
Chromosomes
Chromosomes, Plant
DNA polymerase
DNA Transposable Elements
DNA, Plant
Evolution, Molecular
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Genetic recombination
Genomics
Human Genetics
Life Sciences
Plant Genetics and Genomics
Plants - genetics
Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
Review
Satellite DNA
Sex Chromosomes - genetics
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Summary:Structurally and functionally diverged sex chromosomes have evolved in many animals as well as in some plants. Sex chromosomes represent a specific genomic region(s) with locally suppressed recombination. As a consequence, repetitive sequences involving transposable elements, tandem repeats (satellites and microsatellites), and organellar DNA accumulate on the Y (W) chromosomes. In this paper, we review the main types of repetitive elements, their gathering on the Y chromosome, and discuss new findings showing that not only accumulation of various repeats in non-recombining regions but also opposite processes form Y chromosome. The aim of this review is also to discuss the mechanisms of repetitive DNA spread involving (retro) transposition, DNA polymerase slippage or unequal crossing-over, as well as modes of repeat removal by ectopic recombination. The intensity of these processes differs in non-recombining region(s) of sex chromosomes when compared to the recombining parts of genome. We also speculate about the relationship between heterochromatinization and the formation of heteromorphic sex chromosomes.
ISSN:0967-3849
1573-6849
DOI:10.1007/s10577-015-9496-2