Mast cells are required for phototolerance induction and scratching abatement

Dermal mast cells protect the skin from inflammatory effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation and are required for UV‐induced immune suppression. We sought to determine a potential mechanistic role of mast cells in reducing the sensitivity to UV radiation (i.e. phototolerance induction) through photoha...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Experimental dermatology 2015-07, Vol.24 (7), p.491-496
Main Authors: Schweintzger, Nina A., Bambach, Isabella, Reginato, Eleonora, Mayer, Gerlinde, Limón-Flores, Alberto Y., Ullrich, Stephen E., Byrne, Scott N., Wolf, Peter
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Edema - etiology
Edema - immunology
Hyperplasia
Immune Tolerance - radiation effects
immunosuppression
mast cells
Mast Cells - immunology
Mast Cells - physiology
Mast Cells - radiation effects
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Mice, Transgenic
Neutrophils - immunology
Neutrophils - radiation effects
photohardening
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit - genetics
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit - immunology
Pruritus - etiology
Pruritus - immunology
Pruritus - physiopathology
scratching phenotype
Skin - immunology
Skin - pathology
Skin - radiation effects
T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory - immunology
T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory - radiation effects
Tregs
Ultraviolet Rays - adverse effects
Vasodilation - immunology
Vasodilation - radiation effects
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Summary:Dermal mast cells protect the skin from inflammatory effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation and are required for UV‐induced immune suppression. We sought to determine a potential mechanistic role of mast cells in reducing the sensitivity to UV radiation (i.e. phototolerance induction) through photohardening. We administered single UV exposures as well as a chronic UV irradiation regime to mast cell‐deficient KitW‐Sh/W‐Sh mice and their controls. The chronic irradiation protocol was similar to that given for prophylaxis in certain photodermatoses in humans. Compared to controls, UV‐exposed KitW‐Sh/W‐Sh mice were more susceptible to epidermal hyperplasia and dermal oedema which was linked to blood vessel dilation. Unexpectedly, KitW‐Sh/W‐Sh mice exhibited an excessive scratching behaviour following broadband UVB plus UVA or solar simulated UV irradiation at doses far below their minimal skin‐swelling dose. Protection from this UV‐induced scratching phenotype was dependent on mast cells, as engraftment of bone marrow‐derived cultured mast cells abated it entirely. KitW‐Sh/W‐Sh mice were entirely resistant to phototolerance induction by photohardening treatment. Compared to controls, these mice also showed reduced numbers of regulatory T cells and neutrophils in the skin 24 h after UV irradiation. While it is well known that mast cell‐deficient mice are resistant to UV‐induced immune suppression, we have discovered that they are prone to develop photo‐itch and are more susceptible to UV‐induced epidermal hyperplasia and skin oedema.
ISSN:0906-6705
1600-0625
DOI:10.1111/exd.12687