Pore-forming toxins: ancient, but never really out of fashion

Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) are virulence factors produced by many pathogenic bacteria and have long fascinated structural biologists, microbiologists and immunologists. Interestingly, pore-forming proteins with remarkably similar structures to PFTs are found in vertebrates and constitute part of the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nature reviews. Microbiology 2016-02, Vol.14 (2), p.77-92
Main Authors: Dal Peraro, Matteo, van der Goot, F Gisou
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bacteria - genetics
Bacteria - metabolism
Bacterial Toxins - classification
Bacterial Toxins - genetics
Bacterial Toxins - metabolism
Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial - physiology
Geospatial data
Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins - classification
Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins - genetics
Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins - metabolism
Virulence (Microbiology)
Virulence Factors
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Summary:Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) are virulence factors produced by many pathogenic bacteria and have long fascinated structural biologists, microbiologists and immunologists. Interestingly, pore-forming proteins with remarkably similar structures to PFTs are found in vertebrates and constitute part of their immune system. Recently, structural studies of several PFTs have provided important mechanistic insights into the metamorphosis of PFTs from soluble inactive monomers to cytolytic transmembrane assemblies. In this Review, we discuss the diverse pore architectures and membrane insertion mechanisms that have been revealed by these studies, and we consider how these features contribute to binding specificity for different membrane targets. Finally, we explore the potential of these structural insights to enable the development of novel therapeutic strategies that would prevent both the establishment of bacterial resistance and an excessive immune response.
ISSN:1740-1526
1740-1534
DOI:10.1038/nrmicro.2015.3