Distribution, Teratogenicity, and Embryonic Delivered Dose of Retinoid Ro 23-9223

Ro 23-9223 is a highly lipophilic aromatic retinoid with antiproliferative and sebum supressive effects in preclinical disease models of acne. To investigate the relation between Ro 23-9223 developmental toxicity, drug distribution, and transplacental transfer, groups of pregnant hamsters were given...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxicology and applied pharmacology 2000-04, Vol.164 (2), p.171-175
Main Authors: Willhite, Calvin C., Lovey, Alan, Eckhoff, Christian
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced - etiology
Administration, Oral
Animals
Area Under Curve
Biological and medical sciences
Cricetinae
distribution
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Drug toxicity and drugs side effects treatment
Embryo, Mammalian - drug effects
Female
hamster
Isotretinoin - toxicity
Maternal-Fetal Exchange
Medical sciences
Miscellaneous (drug allergy, mutagens, teratogens...)
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
placental transfer
Pregnancy
Retinoid
Retinoids - pharmacokinetics
Retinoids - toxicity
teratogenicity
Teratogens - pharmacokinetics
Teratogens - toxicity
Tissue Distribution
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Summary:Ro 23-9223 is a highly lipophilic aromatic retinoid with antiproliferative and sebum supressive effects in preclinical disease models of acne. To investigate the relation between Ro 23-9223 developmental toxicity, drug distribution, and transplacental transfer, groups of pregnant hamsters were given oral doses of 50–500 mg/kg Ro 23-9223 on days 8 and 9 of gestation. The teratogenic phenotype induced at doses greater than 125 mg/kg per day was similar to that found after exposure to doses of 13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin, Accutane) greater than 37.5 mg/kg per day. Oral bioavailability of Ro 23-9223 was very low compared to 13-cis-retinoic acid. The highest concentrations of Ro 23-9223 were found in maternal liver, lung, adipose tissue, cardiac muscle, and placenta, whereas only little of the compound crossed the blood–brain barrier. Based on embryo AUC, Ro 23-9223 had a 30- to 50-fold greater embryo:maternal concentration ratio than 13-cis-retinoic acid plus its bioactive metabolites following similar doses of the two retinoids. In preclinical pharmacology studies, oral doses of Ro 23-9223 (5 mg/kg per day) and 13-cis-retinoic acid (10 mg/kg per day) produced comparable gland size reductions in the hamster ear sebaceous gland reduction assay. Under these conditions, Ro 23-9223 plasma AUC was 40 times smaller than that of 13-cis-retinoic acid plus its bioactive metabolites. Assuming that the near linear dose–exposure relationship of Ro 23-9223 extends beyond the dose range of this study, embryo AUCs of Ro 23-9223 and 13-cis-retinoic acid (plus metabolites) would be near identical following pharmacologically equivalent doses. A comparison of embryo retinoid AUCs suggests a 4-fold lower teratogenic potency of Ro 23-9223 compared to with 13-cis-retinoic acid. Despite high embryo levels in hamsters, the data suggest an improved therapeutic index for Ro 23-9223 compared with 13-cis-retinoic acid in a preclinical acne disease model.
ISSN:0041-008X
1096-0333
DOI:10.1006/taap.1999.8866