Disintegrin, hemorrhagic, and proteolytic activities of Mohave rattlesnake, Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus venoms lacking Mojave toxin

Venom from the Mohave rattlesnake, Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus, has been reported to be either: (1) neurotoxic; (2) hemorrhagic, or both (3) neurotoxic and hemorrhagic. In this study, 14 Mohave rattlesnakes from Arizona and Texas (USA) were analyzed for the presence of disintegrins and Mojave tox...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology 2005-06, Vol.141 (2), p.124-132
Main Authors: Sánchez, Elda E., Galán, Jacob A., Powell, Randy L., Reyes, Steven R., Soto, Julio G., Russell, William K., Russell, David H., Pérez, John C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino Acid Sequence
Animals
Crotalid Venoms - analysis
Crotalid Venoms - toxicity
Crotalus
Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus
Disintegrins
Disintegrins - analysis
Disintegrins - chemistry
Disintegrins - genetics
Geographic Variation
Hemorrhage - chemically induced
Hemorrhagic activity
Lethal Dose 50
Mice
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Mohave venom
Mojave toxins
Mojavestatin
Molecular Sequence Data
Peptide Hydrolases - metabolism
Rabbits
Scutustatin
Venom lethal dose
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Summary:Venom from the Mohave rattlesnake, Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus, has been reported to be either: (1) neurotoxic; (2) hemorrhagic, or both (3) neurotoxic and hemorrhagic. In this study, 14 Mohave rattlesnakes from Arizona and Texas (USA) were analyzed for the presence of disintegrins and Mojave toxin. All venom samples were analyzed for the presence of hemorrhagic, proteolytic and disintegrin activities. The venoms were each chromatographed by reverse phase and their fractions tested for disintegrin activity. All specimens containing Mojave toxin were the most toxic and lacked proteolytic, hemorrhagic and disintegrin activities. In contrast, the venoms containing these activities lacked Mojave toxin. Two disintegrin genes, scutustatin and mojavestatin, were identified by PCR of genomic sequences. Scutustatin is a highly conserved disintegrin, while mojavestatin shows low conservation to other known disintegrins. Venoms with the highest LD 50 measurements lacked both disintegrin genes, while the specimens with intermediate and low LD 50 contained both genes. The intermediate LD 50 group contained Mojave toxin and both disintegrin genes, but lacked hemorrhagic and disintegrin activity. Our results raise the possibility that scutustatin and mojavestatin are not expressed in the intermediate LD 50 group, or that they may not be the same disintegrins responsible for the disintegrin activity found in the venom. Therefore, it is possible that Mohave rattlesnakes may produce more than two disintegrins.
ISSN:1532-0456
1878-1659
DOI:10.1016/j.cca.2005.04.001