1,3-dinitrobenzene toxicity in the least shrew, Cryptotis parva

Shrews are abundant in most areas of toxic chemical contamination and bioaccumulate pollutants at much higher rates than sympatric rodent species. As a part of studies to provide information concerning the toxicity of 1,3‐dinitrobenzene (DNB) in least shrews (Cryptotis parva), groups of 10 females a...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental toxicology and chemistry 2005-10, Vol.24 (10), p.2519-2525
Main Authors: Mock, Orin B., Casteel, Stan W., Darmani, Nissar A., Shaddy, James H., Besch-Williford, Cynthia, Towns, Lex C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
1,3‐Dinitrobenzene
3-Dinitrobenzene
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Animals
Applied ecology
Biological and medical sciences
Body Weight
Chemical contaminants
Contamination
Cryptotis parva
Dinitrobenzene toxicity
Dinitrobenzenes - pharmacokinetics
Dinitrobenzenes - toxicity
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution
Environmental Pollutants - pharmacokinetics
Environmental Pollutants - toxicity
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
General aspects
Insects
Least shrew
Liver - drug effects
Liver - enzymology
Liver - pathology
Male
Reference Values
Shrews
Splenomegaly
Splenomegaly - chemically induced
Splenomegaly - veterinary
Testis - drug effects
Testis - pathology
Toxicology
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Shrews are abundant in most areas of toxic chemical contamination and bioaccumulate pollutants at much higher rates than sympatric rodent species. As a part of studies to provide information concerning the toxicity of 1,3‐dinitrobenzene (DNB) in least shrews (Cryptotis parva), groups of 10 females and 10 males received DNB at O (control), 0.7, 2.9, 11.6, and 46.3 μl/L (equivalent mean daily dosage of 0, 0.26, 1.06, 4.26, and 17.0 mg/kg body wt in each sex) in their diet for 14 d. Leukocytosis present at the 0.26 mg/kg body weight/d dosage established the lowest‐observed‐adverse effect level (LOAEL). Adrenal enlargement was noted at the 1.06 mg/kg body weight/d level. Splenic enlargement and reductions in hematocrit and hemoglobin values occurred at the 4.26 mg/kg body weight/d treatment. Enlargements in the liver and heart and reductions in brown fat weight, granulocyte numbers, and alanine aminotransferase levels were present at high dose levels. Histopathologic examinations showed Kupffer's cell hemosiderosis and suggested testicular damage at the two highest tested doses but failed to confirm brain lesions. Least shrews do not follow standard scaling estimates for lifespan or metabolic rates. The LOAEL calculated from the standard terrestrial screening benchmark equation was higher than our findings, suggesting that these estimates must be viewed with caution.
ISSN:0730-7268
1552-8618
DOI:10.1897/04-676R.1