Morphology, ultrastructure and mineral uptake is affected by copper toxicity in young plants of Inga subnuda subs. luschnathiana (Benth.) T.D. Penn

Toxic effects of copper (Cu) were analyzed in young plants of Inga subnuda subs. luschnathiana , a species that is highly tolerant to flooding and found in Brazil in wetlands contaminated with Cu. Plants were cultivated in fully nutritive solution, containing different concentrations of Cu (from 0.0...

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Published in:Environmental science and pollution research international 2015-10, Vol.22 (20), p.15479-15494
Main Authors: de Freitas, Tielle Abreu, França, Marcel Giovanni Costa, de Almeida, Alex-Alan Furtado, de Oliveira, Sérgio José Ribeiro, de Jesus, Raildo Mota, Souza, Vânia Lima, dos Santos Silva, José Victor, Mangabeira, Pedro Antônio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aquatic Pollution
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Brazil
Calcium Oxalate - metabolism
Cell Wall - metabolism
Cell Wall - ultrastructure
Cell walls
Chloroplasts
Cocoa
Copper
Copper - analysis
Copper - toxicity
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Endoderm
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental Health
Epidermis
Fabaceae - drug effects
Fabaceae - metabolism
Fabaceae - ultrastructure
Flowers & plants
Fungicides
Inga
Invaginations
Leaves
Mesophyll
Micronutrients
Morphology
Nutrient uptake
Nutrients
Parenchyma
Pesticides
Physiology
Plant growth
Plant Leaves - drug effects
Plant Leaves - metabolism
Plant Leaves - ultrastructure
Plant Roots - drug effects
Plant Roots - metabolism
Plant Roots - ultrastructure
Plants
Research Article
Roots
Science
Sediments
Shoots
Starch grains
Thylakoid membranes
Thylakoids - metabolism
Toxicity
Translocation
Ultrastructure
Vacuoles
Waste Water Technology
Water Management
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity
Water Pollution Control
Wetlands
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Summary:Toxic effects of copper (Cu) were analyzed in young plants of Inga subnuda subs. luschnathiana , a species that is highly tolerant to flooding and found in Brazil in wetlands contaminated with Cu. Plants were cultivated in fully nutritive solution, containing different concentrations of Cu (from 0.08 μmol to 0.47 mmol L −1 ). Symptoms of Cu toxicity were observed in both leaves and roots of plants cultivated from 0.16 mmol Cu L −1 . In the leaves, Cu clearly induced alterations in the thickness of the epidermis, mesophyll, palisade parenchyma, and intercellular space of the lacunose parenchyma. Also, this metal induced disorganization in thylakoid membranes, internal and external membrane rupture in chloroplasts, mitochondrial alterations, and electrodense material deposition in vacuoles of the parenchyma and cell walls. The starch grains disappeared; however, an increase of plastoglobule numbers was observed according to Cu toxicity. In the roots, destruction of the epidermis, reduction of the intercellular space, and modifications in the format of initial cells of the external cortex were evident. Cell walls and endoderm had been broken, invaginations of tonoplast and vacuole retractions were found, and, again, electrodense material was observed in these sites. Mineral nutrient analysis revealed higher Cu accumulation in the roots and greater macro- and micronutrients accumulation into shoots. Thus, root morphological and ultrastructural changes induced differential nutrients uptake and their translocations from root toward shoots, and this was related to membrane and endoderm ruptures caused by Cu toxicity.
ISSN:0944-1344
1614-7499
DOI:10.1007/s11356-015-4610-8