Effects of strength training on body composition, physical functioning, and quality of life in prostate cancer patients during androgen deprivation therapy

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) increases survival rates in prostate cancer (PCa) patients with locally advanced disease, but is associated with side effects that may impair daily function. Strength training may counteract several side effects of ADT, such as changes in body composition and physi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Acta oncologica 2015-11, Vol.54 (10), p.1805-1813
Main Authors: Nilsen, Tormod S, Raastad, Truls, Skovlund, Eva, Courneya, Kerry S, Langberg, Carl W, Lilleby, Wolfgang, Fosså, Sophie D, Thorsen, Lene
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Absorptiometry, Photon
Adiposity
Aged
Androgen Antagonists - adverse effects
Androgen Antagonists - therapeutic use
Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal - therapeutic use
Body Composition
Bone Density
Exercise Test
Goserelin - therapeutic use
Humans
Lower Extremity - physiology
Male
Middle Aged
Muscle Strength - physiology
Patient Compliance
Prostatic Neoplasms - drug therapy
Prostatic Neoplasms - radiotherapy
Quality of Life
Resistance Training - methods
Surveys and Questionnaires
Upper Extremity - physiology
Walking - physiology
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Summary:Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) increases survival rates in prostate cancer (PCa) patients with locally advanced disease, but is associated with side effects that may impair daily function. Strength training may counteract several side effects of ADT, such as changes in body composition and physical functioning, which in turn may affect health-related quality of life (HRQOL). However, additional randomised controlled trials are needed to expand this knowledge. Fifty-eight PCa patients on ADT were randomised to either 16 weeks of high-load strength training (n = 28) or usual care (n = 30). The primary outcome was change in total lean body mass (LBM) assessed by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Secondary outcomes were changes in regional LBM, fat mass, and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) measured by DXA; physical functioning assessed by 1-repetition maximum (1RM) tests, sit-to-stand test, stair climbing test and Shuttle walk test; and HRQOL as measured by the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30. No statistically significant effect of high-load strength training was demonstrated on total LBM (p = 0.16), but significant effects were found on LBM in the lower and upper extremities (0.49 kg, p < 0.01 and 0.15 kg, p < 0.05, respectively). Compared to usual care, high-load strength training showed no effect on fat mass, aBMD or HRQOL, but beneficial effects were observed in all 1RM tests, sit-to-stand test and stair climbing tests. Adherence to the training program was 88% for lower body exercises and 84% for upper body exercises. In summary, high-load strength training improved LBM in extremities and physical functioning, but had no effect on fat mass, aBMD, or HRQOL in PCa patients on ADT.
ISSN:0284-186X
1651-226X
DOI:10.3109/0284186X.2015.1037008