Ecotoxicity characterization of dinitrotoluenes and some of their reduced metabolites

In the present study, the toxic effects of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT) and a selection of their respective metabolites were examined and compared to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) using the 15-min Microtox ( Vibrio fischen) and 96-h freshwater green alga ( Seienastrum cap...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Chemosphere (Oxford) 1999-04, Vol.38 (9), p.2071-2079
Main Authors: Dodard, S.G., Renoux, A.Y., Hawari, J., Ampleman, G., Thiboutot, S., Sunahara, G.I.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Applied ecology
Biodegradation, Environmental
Biological and medical sciences
Chlorophyta - drug effects
Dinitrobenzenes - metabolism
Dinitrobenzenes - toxicity
Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution
Fresh water environment
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Selenastrum capricornutum
Toxicity Tests - methods
Vibrio - drug effects
Vibrio fischeri
Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity
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Summary:In the present study, the toxic effects of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT) and a selection of their respective metabolites were examined and compared to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) using the 15-min Microtox ( Vibrio fischen) and 96-h freshwater green alga ( Seienastrum capricomutum) growth inhibition tests. All of the compounds tested were less toxic than TNT. Using the Microtox assay, 2,6-DNT was more toxic than 2,4-DNT and the order of toxicity for 2,6-DNT and its metabolites was: 2,6-DNT ≥ 2A-6NT ⪢> 2,6-DAT; whereas that for 2,4-DNT was: 4A-2NT > 2A-4NT > 2,4-DNT > 2,4-DAT. For the algal test, 2,4-DNT was more toxic than 2,6-DNT and the order of toxicity for 2,4-DNT and its metabolites was: 2,4-DNT > 2,4-DAT ⋟ 4A-2NT = 2A-4NT. The order of toxicity for 2,6-DNT and its reduced metabolites using the algal test was very similar to the Microtox bioassay. These results demonstrate that the reduced metabolites of 2,6-DNT tested in this study were less toxic than that of the parent compound, but certain partially reduced metabolites of 2,4-DNT can be more toxic than the parent molecule. These data put into question the general hypothesis that reductive metabolism of nitro-aromatics is associated with a sequential detoxification process.
ISSN:0045-6535
1879-1298
DOI:10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00423-8