Nicotinamide reduces infarction up to two hours after the onset of permanent focal cerebral ischemia in Wistar rats

Ischemia depletes ATP and initiates cascades leading to irreversible tissue injury. Nicotinamide is a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) which increases neuronal ATP concentration and protects against malonate-induced neurotoxicity, trauma and nitric oxide toxicity. We therefore...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Neuroscience letters 1999-01, Vol.259 (1), p.21-24
Main Authors: Ayoub, Issam A, Jian Lee, E, Ogilvy, Christopher S, Flint Beal, M, Maynard, Kenneth I
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Brain Ischemia - complications
Brain Ischemia - drug therapy
Cerebral Infarction - etiology
Cerebral Infarction - prevention & control
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Energy metabolism
Male
Medical sciences
Neuropharmacology
Neuroprotective agent
Niacinamide - therapeutic use
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase
Poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Stroke
Therapeutic window
Time Factors
Window of opportunity
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Summary:Ischemia depletes ATP and initiates cascades leading to irreversible tissue injury. Nicotinamide is a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) which increases neuronal ATP concentration and protects against malonate-induced neurotoxicity, trauma and nitric oxide toxicity. We therefore examined whether nicotinamide could protect against stroke, using a model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCA) occlusion in Wistar rats. Nicotinamide reduced neuronal infarction in a dose-specific manner. Furthermore, nicotinamide (500 mg/kg) reduced infarcts when administered up to 2 h after the onset of permanent MCA occlusion. The mechanism of action underlying the neuroprotection observed with nicotinamide remains to be clarified. These results are potentially important since nicotinamide is already used clinically, though not in the treatment of stroke.
ISSN:0304-3940
1872-7972
DOI:10.1016/S0304-3940(98)00881-7