A novel biopesticide PONNEEM to control human vector mosquitoes Anopheles stephensi L. and Culex quinquefasciatus Say

Organophosphate pesticides are widely used in vector mosquito management and agricultural pest management. These chemicals enter into natural water bodies and soil and cause hazards to the environment. The objective of this study was to prepare a natural pesticide which will not harm the environment...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science and pollution research international 2015-09, Vol.22 (17), p.13153-13166
Main Authors: Maheswaran, Rajan, Ignacimuthu, Savarimuthu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Anopheles - drug effects
Anopheles - enzymology
Anopheles stephensi
Aquatic Pollution
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Azadirachta - chemistry
Azadirachta indica
Biopesticides
Culex - drug effects
Culex - enzymology
Culex quinquefasciatus
Diplonychus indicus
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Entomology
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental Health
Environmental impact
Environmental science
Female
Food chains
Gambusia affinis
Glutathione Transferase - metabolism
Humans
Insect Proteins - metabolism
Insecticides
Insecticides - pharmacology
Laboratories
Larva - drug effects
Larva - enzymology
Lethal Dose 50
Malaria
Mosquitoes
Natural resources
Oils & fats
Oviposition - drug effects
Pesticides
Plant Oils - pharmacology
Pongamia
Proteins
Research Article
Seeds
Studies
Toxicity
Tropical diseases
Waste Water Technology
Water Management
Water Pollution Control
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Summary:Organophosphate pesticides are widely used in vector mosquito management and agricultural pest management. These chemicals enter into natural water bodies and soil and cause hazards to the environment. The objective of this study was to prepare a natural pesticide which will not harm the environment and yet control vector mosquitoes. PONNEEM, a novel biopesticide, patented and prepared from the oils of Azadirachta indica and Pongamia glabra , was tested against Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus . One hundred percent larvicidal and ovicidal activities were observed at 0.1-ppm concentration of PONNEEM against the two mosquito species under laboratory and sunlight conditions up to 12 months from the date of manufacture. Very high oviposition reduction of 26.46 and 32.16 % is also recorded. Reductions in α-esterase level (0.0818 ± 0.340 and 0.2188 ± 0.003), β-esterase level (0.0866 ± 0.026 and 0.0398 ± 0.010 μg naphthol produced/min/mg larval protein), glutathione S-transferase enzyme (14.2571 ± 0.51 and 15.3326 ± 0.51 μmol/min/mg larval protein) and total protein levels (0.0390 ± 0.008 and 0.1975 ± 0.029 mg/individual larva in treated groups of A. stephensi and C. quinquefasciatus at 0.1-ppm concentration, respectively. The non-target organisms such as Gambusia affinis and Diplonychus indicus were not affected. Biopesticides are good alternatives to synthetic pesticides. PONNEEM can be effectively used for the management of human vector mosquitoes. Since it has a biodegradable nature and does not alter the environmental condition of water and soil.
ISSN:0944-1344
1614-7499
DOI:10.1007/s11356-015-4586-4