Application of passive sampling for measuring dissolved concentrations of organic contaminants in the water column at three marine superfund sites

Currently, there is an effort under way to encourage remedial project managers at contaminated sites to use passive sampling to collect freely dissolved concentrations (Cfree) of hydrophobic organic contaminants to improve site assessments. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the use...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental toxicology and chemistry 2015-08, Vol.34 (8), p.1720-1733
Main Authors: Burgess, Robert M., Lohmann, Rainer, Schubauer-Berigan, Joseph P., Reitsma, Pamela, Perron, Monique M., Lefkovitz, Lisa, Cantwell, Mark G.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Bioaccumulation
Bioavailability
Bivalvia - metabolism
Contaminants
Contaminated sediments
Dimethylpolysiloxanes - chemistry
Dissolution
Dissolved concentration
Environmental management
Environmental Monitoring
Environmental protection
Evaluation
Fibers
Freely dissolved concentration
Freshwater
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Geologic Sediments - chemistry
Harbors
Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
Hydrophobicity
Lipids
Mytilus edulis
Organic contaminants
Passive sampling
PCB
Pollution abatement
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Polychlorinated Biphenyls - analysis
Polychlorinated Biphenyls - isolation & purification
Polychlorinated Biphenyls - metabolism
Polydimethylsiloxane
Polyethylene
Polyethylene - chemistry
Polyethylenes
Public domain
Remediation
Samplers
Sampling
Sediment pollution
Semipermeable membranes
Soil management
Solid Phase Microextraction
Superfund
Superfund program
Water analysis
Water circulation
Water column
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
Water Pollutants, Chemical - isolation & purification
Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism
Water Purification
Water sampling
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Summary:Currently, there is an effort under way to encourage remedial project managers at contaminated sites to use passive sampling to collect freely dissolved concentrations (Cfree) of hydrophobic organic contaminants to improve site assessments. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the use of passive sampling for measuring water column Cfree for several hydrophobic organic contaminants at 3 US Environmental Protection Agency Superfund sites. Sites investigated included New Bedford Harbor (New Bedford, MA, USA), Palos Verdes Shelf (Los Angeles, CA, USA), and Naval Station Newport (Newport, RI, USA); and the passive samplers evaluated were polyethylene, polydimethylsiloxane‐coated solid‐phase microextraction fibers, semipermeable membrane devices, and polyoxymethylene. In general, the different passive samplers demonstrated good agreement, with Cfree values varying by a factor of 2 to 3. Further, at New Bedford Harbor, where conventional water sample concentrations were also measured (i.e., grab samples), passive sampler–based Cfree values agreed within a factor of 2. These findings suggest that all of the samplers were experiencing and measuring similar Cfree during their respective deployments. Also, at New Bedford Harbor, a strong log‐linear, correlative, and predictive relationship was found between polyethylene passive sampler accumulation and lipid‐normalized blue mussel bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (r2 = 0.92, p 
ISSN:0730-7268
1552-8618
DOI:10.1002/etc.2995