A 30-Year Study of Coral Abundance, Recruitment, and Disturbance at Several Scales in Space and Time

Observations over a 30-yr period revealed a considerable degree of natural variation in the abundance of corals on Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. Cover ranged from 80%, with a similar large range in colony density, at several temporal and spatial scales. Much of this variat...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Ecological monographs 1997-11, Vol.67 (4), p.461-488
Main Authors: Connell, Joseph H., Hughes, Terence P., Wallace, Carden C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algae
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Applied ecology
Biological and medical sciences
community dynamics
Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife
coral reef
Coral reefs
Corals
Cyclones
damage from cyclones/hurricanes
disturbance
Ecology
Environmental degradation: ecosystems survey and restoration
Environmental monitoring
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
gradual environmental changes
Habitats
Marine ecology
Mortality
recruitment
Reefs
scale, space and time
Storm damage
Synecology
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Summary:Observations over a 30-yr period revealed a considerable degree of natural variation in the abundance of corals on Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. Cover ranged from 80%, with a similar large range in colony density, at several temporal and spatial scales. Much of this variation was due to the type, intensity, and spatial scale of disturbances that occurred. Coral assemblages usually recovered from acute disturbances, both on Heron Island and on other Indo-Pacific reefs. In contrast, corals did not recover from chronic disturbances of either natural or human origins, or from gradual declines. Recovery was slower after acute disturbances that altered the physical environment than after disturbances that simply killed or damaged corals. The space and time scales of declines and recoveries in abundance were much smaller on the wave-exposed side of the reef than on the side protected from storms. Recruitment rates were reduced by preemption of space by corals or macroalgae, and by storms that altered the substratum. Thus, the dynamics of abundance in this coral community can be largely understood through the variation in types and scales of disturbances that occurred, and the processes that took place where disturbances were rare.
ISSN:0012-9615
1557-7015
DOI:10.1890/0012-9615(1997)067[0461:AYSOCA]2.0.CO;2