A Malaysia 97 monovalent foot-and-mouth disease vaccine (>6PD50 /dose) protects pigs against challenge with a variant FMDV A SEA-97 lineage virus, 4 and 7 days post vaccination

Abstract Pigs play a significant role during outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) due to their ability to amplify the virus. It is therefore essential to determine what role vaccination could play to prevent clinical disease and lower virus excretion into the environment. In this study we inves...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Vaccine 2015-08, Vol.33 (36), p.4513-4519
Main Authors: Nagendrakumar, Singanallur Balasubramanian, Hong, Nguyen Thi Thu, Geoffrey, Fosgate T, Jacqueline, Morris Michelle, Andrew, Davis, Michelle, Giles, Van Phuc, Kim, Ngon, Quach Vo, Phuong, Le Thi Thu, Phuc, Nguyen Ngoc Hong, Hanh, Tran Xuan, Van Hung, Vo, Quynhanh, Le Thi, Tan, Tran Minh, Long, Ngo Thanh, Wilna, Vosloo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adjuvants, Immunologic - administration & dosage
Allergy and Immunology
Animals
Antibodies, Viral - blood
Confidence intervals
Early protection
Foot & mouth disease
Foot-and-mouth disease
Foot-and-Mouth Disease - prevention & control
Foot-and-mouth disease virus
Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus - immunology
Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus - isolation & purification
Heterologous challenge
Hogs
Malaysia
Nasal Mucosa - virology
Oils - administration & dosage
Pigs
RNA, Viral - analysis
Saliva - virology
Serotype A
Swine
Swine Diseases - prevention & control
Vaccination
Viral Vaccines - administration & dosage
Viral Vaccines - immunology
Viral Vaccines - isolation & purification
Viruses
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Summary:Abstract Pigs play a significant role during outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) due to their ability to amplify the virus. It is therefore essential to determine what role vaccination could play to prevent clinical disease and lower virus excretion into the environment. In this study we investigated the efficacy of the double oil emulsion A Malaysia 97 vaccine (>6PD50 /dose) against heterologous challenge with an isolate belonging to the A SEA-97 lineage at 4 and 7 days post vaccination (dpv). In addition, we determined whether physical separation of pigs in the same room could prevent virus transmission. Statistically there was no difference in the level of protection offered by 4 and 7 dpv. However, no clinical disease or viral RNA was detected in the blood of pigs challenged 4 dpv, although three of the pigs had antibodies to the non-structural proteins (NSPs), indicating viral replication. Viral RNA was also detected in nasal and saliva swabs, but on very few occasions. Two of the pigs vaccinated seven days prior to challenge had vesicles distal from the injection site, but on the inoculated foot, and two pigs had viral RNA detected in the blood. One pig sero-converted to the NSPs. In contrast, all unvaccinated and inoculated pigs had evidence of infection. No infection occurred in any of the susceptible pigs in the same room, but separated from the infected pigs, indicating that strict biosecurity measures were sufficient under these experimental conditions to prevent virus transmission. However, viral RNA was detected in the nasal swabs of one group of pigs, but apparently not at sufficient levels to cause clinical disease. Vaccination led to a significant decrease in viral RNA in vaccinated pigs compared to unvaccinated and infected pigs, even with this heterologous challenge, and could therefore be considered as a control option during outbreaks.
ISSN:0264-410X
1873-2518
DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.07.014