Producing the Ethylene Signal: Regulation and Diversification of Ethylene Biosynthetic Enzymes

Strictly controlled production of ethylene gas lies upstream of the signaling activities of this crucial regulator throughout the plant life cycle. Although the biosynthetic pathway is enzymatically simple, the regulatory circuits that modulate signal production are fine tuned to allow integration o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Plant physiology (Bethesda) 2015-09, Vol.169 (1), p.42-50
Main Authors: Booker, Matthew A., DeLong, Alison
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino Acid Sequence
Biochemical pathways
Biological Evolution
Biosynthesis
Biosynthetic Pathways
Enzymes
Enzymes - genetics
Enzymes - metabolism
Ethylene production
Ethylenes - biosynthesis
Gene expression regulation
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Molecular Sequence Data
Phosphorylation
Phylogeny
Plant Growth Regulators - biosynthesis
Plant Proteins - genetics
Plant Proteins - metabolism
Plants
Plants - enzymology
Plants - genetics
Protein isoforms
Protein Processing, Post-Translational
Proteins
Seeds
Sequence Alignment
Signal Transduction
Update on Ethylene Biosynthesis
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Summary:Strictly controlled production of ethylene gas lies upstream of the signaling activities of this crucial regulator throughout the plant life cycle. Although the biosynthetic pathway is enzymatically simple, the regulatory circuits that modulate signal production are fine tuned to allow integration of responses to environmental and intrinsic cues. Recently identified posttranslational mechanisms that control ethylene production converge on one family of biosynthetic enzymes and overlay several independent reversible phosphorylation events and distinct mediators of ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation. Although the core pathway is conserved throughout seed plants, these posttranslational regulatory mechanisms may represent evolutionarily recent innovations. The evolutionary origins of the pathway and its regulators are not yet clear; outside the seed plants, numerous biochemical and phylogenetic questions remain to be addressed.
ISSN:0032-0889
1532-2548
1532-2548
DOI:10.1104/pp.15.00672