Induction of a Novel Chicken Toll-Like Receptor following Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of highly conserved molecules that initiate the innate immune response to pathogens by recognizing structural motifs expressed by microbes. We have identified a novel TLR, TLR15, by bioinformatic analysis of the chicken genome, which is distinct from any known...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Infection and Immunity 2006-03, Vol.74 (3), p.1692-1698
Main Authors: Higgs, Rowan, Cormican, Paul, Cahalane, Sarah, Allan, Brenda, Lloyd, Andrew T, Meade, Kieran, James, Tharappel, Lynn, David J, Babiuk, Lorne A, O'Farrelly, Cliona
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Bacterial diseases
Bacterial diseases of the digestive system and abdomen
Bacteriology
Biological and medical sciences
Bird Diseases - metabolism
Cells, Cultured
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Host Response and Inflammation
Human bacterial diseases
Infectious diseases
Medical sciences
Microbiology
Miscellaneous
Phylogeny
Salmonella enterica
Salmonella Infections, Animal - genetics
Salmonella Infections, Animal - metabolism
Salmonella typhimurium - physiology
Toll-Like Receptors - biosynthesis
Toll-Like Receptors - chemistry
Toll-Like Receptors - genetics
Up-Regulation
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Summary:Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of highly conserved molecules that initiate the innate immune response to pathogens by recognizing structural motifs expressed by microbes. We have identified a novel TLR, TLR15, by bioinformatic analysis of the chicken genome, which is distinct from any known vertebrate TLR and thus appears to be avian specific. The gene for TLR15 was sequenced and is found on chromosome 3, and it has archetypal TIR and transmembrane domains and a distinctive arrangement of extracellular leucine-rich regions. mRNA for TLR15 was detected in the spleen, bursa, and bone marrow of healthy chickens, suggesting a role for this novel receptor in constitutive host defense. Following in vivo Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection, quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated significant upregulation of TLR15 in the cecum of infected chickens. Interestingly, similar induction of TLR2 expression following infection was also observed. In vitro studies revealed TLR15 upregulation in chicken embryonic fibroblasts stimulated with heat-killed S. enterica serovar Typhimurium. Collectively, these results suggest a role for the TLR in avian defense against bacterial infection. We hypothesize that TLR15 may represent an avian-specific TLR that has been either retained in chicken and lost in other taxa or gained in the chicken.
ISSN:0019-9567
1098-5522
DOI:10.1128/IAI.74.3.1692-1698.2006