Neutrophils regulate the expression of cytokines, chemokines and nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide in mice injected with Bothrops atrox venom

Bothrops atrox crude venom injected intraperitoneal (i.p.) into BALB/c mice induced local afflux of inflammatory cells, one neutrophil-rich peak after 6 h and another macrophage-rich peak after 48 h. A similar pattern of local cell afflux plus edema, Delta lesions of some skeletal muscle cells, and...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Immunobiology (1979) 2006-01, Vol.211 (1), p.37-46
Main Authors: Escocard, Rita de Cássia Mothé, Kanashiro, Milton Masahiko, Petretski, Jorge Hudson, Azevedo-Silva, Juliana, Queiroz de Carvalho, Eulógio Carlos, Dias da Silva, Wilmar, Kipnis, Thereza Liberman
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Antibodies, Monoclonal - administration & dosage
Bothrops
Bothrops atrox
Cell Line
Cell Movement - immunology
Chemokines
Chemokines - biosynthesis
Chemokines - genetics
Crotalid Venoms - administration & dosage
Crotalid Venoms - toxicity
Cytokines
Hemorrhage
Inflammation
Mice
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Neutropenia - enzymology
Neutropenia - immunology
Neutropenia - metabolism
Neutrophil
Neutrophils - enzymology
Neutrophils - immunology
Neutrophils - metabolism
Neutrophils - pathology
Nitric Oxide - biosynthesis
Nitric Oxide Synthase - biosynthesis
Nitric Oxide Synthase - genetics
Rats
Up-Regulation - drug effects
Up-Regulation - immunology
Venom
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Summary:Bothrops atrox crude venom injected intraperitoneal (i.p.) into BALB/c mice induced local afflux of inflammatory cells, one neutrophil-rich peak after 6 h and another macrophage-rich peak after 48 h. A similar pattern of local cell afflux plus edema, Delta lesions of some skeletal muscle cells, and hemorrhage were observed in mice intramuscular (i.m.) injected with the venom. Measurement of serum cytokines in neutrophil-depleted (by anti-mouse rat monoclonal antibody (mAb) RB6-8C5) and non-depleted BALB/c mice was performed by ELISA. With the exception of IL-1 β (78 pg/ml), higher levels of IL-6 (1348 pg/ml), MIP-1 β (437 pg/ml) and MIP-2 (904 pg/ml) were observed in neutrophil-depleted mice, in comparison to the values found in non-neutrophil depleted mice: IL-1 β (437 pg/ml), IL-6 (750 pg/ml), MIP-1 β (165 pg/ml) and MIP-2 (90 pg/ml). TNF- α was not detected. NO was detected (18 μM) 24 h after venom injection in neutrophil-depleted mice. RT-PCR using representative primers detected expression of mRNA in cells from BALB/c mice injected with B. atrox venom: (a) for IL-1 β, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), CXCR2, MIP-2 and RANTES in cells from mice that were neutrophil-depleted or not; (b) for CCR1, CCR5 and MIP-1 β in cells from neutrophil-depleted mice; (c) for MIP-1 α in cells from non-neutrophil-depleted mice; (d) TNF- α and TGF- β were not detected in either of the mice. These results indicate that neutrophils play a role in regulating the production of some cytokines and chemokines as well as locally expressed or liberated iNOS/NO in tissues injected with B. atrox crude venom.
ISSN:0171-2985
1878-3279
DOI:10.1016/j.imbio.2005.08.003