Obesity, Physical Activity and Bladder Cancer

While smoking and exposure to certain chemicals are well-defined risk factors for bladder cancer, there is no consensus as to the roles of modifiable lifestyle factors, notably physical activity, and obesity. We evaluated associations of obesity and physical activity with bladder cancer risk by perf...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current urology reports 2015-10, Vol.16 (10), p.74-74, Article 74
Main Authors: Noguchi, Jonathan L., Liss, Michael A., Parsons, J. Kellogg
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Exercise
Humans
Life Style
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Motor Activity
Nephrology
Obesity - complications
Risk Factors
Section Editor
Topical Collection on Urothelial Cancer
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - etiology
Urology
Urothelial Cancer (A Sagalowsky
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Summary:While smoking and exposure to certain chemicals are well-defined risk factors for bladder cancer, there is no consensus as to the roles of modifiable lifestyle factors, notably physical activity, and obesity. We evaluated associations of obesity and physical activity with bladder cancer risk by performing a system-wide search of PubMed for cohort and case-control studies focused on obesity, exercise, and bladder cancer. A total of 31 studies were identified that evaluated the associations of obesity and physical activity with bladder cancer risk: 20 focused on obesity, eight on physical activity, and three on both. There was marked heterogeneity in population composition and outcomes assessment. Fifteen (65 %) of the obesity studies used prevalence or incidence as the primary outcome and seven (30 %) used bladder cancer mortality. Ten (44 %) observed positive and 13 (56 %) null associations of obesity with bladder cancer. Three (100 %) of three studies also noted strong positive associations of obesity with bladder cancer progression or recurrence. Ten (91 %) of the physical activity studies analyzed prevalence or incidence and one (9 %) mortality. One (9 %) study observed positive, seven (64 %) null, and three (27 %) negative associations of physical activity with bladder cancer. Study heterogeneity precluded quantitative assessment of outcomes. Obesity is potentially associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer, particularly for progression, recurrence, or death. Further studies of physical activity and bladder cancer are needed to validate these observations and elucidate the associations of exercise with bladder cancer progression and mortality.
ISSN:1527-2737
1534-6285
DOI:10.1007/s11934-015-0546-2