How a network of conservationists and population control activists created the contemporary US anti-immigration movement

Continuing historical narratives of the early twentieth century nexus of conservationism, eugenics, and nativism (exemplified by Madison Grant), this paper traces the history of the contemporary US anti-immigration movement's roots in environmentalism and global population control activism, thr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Endeavour (New series) 2015-06, Vol.39 (2), p.95-105
Main Authors: Normandin, Sebastian, Valles, Sean A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Conservationism
Emigration and Immigration - history
Environmental Policy - history
Environmentalism
Eugenics
Hardin
History, 20th Century
Humans
Immigration
John Tanton
Male
Nativism
Organizations, Nonprofit - history
Population control
Population Control - history
Population Control - methods
Tanton
United States
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Summary:Continuing historical narratives of the early twentieth century nexus of conservationism, eugenics, and nativism (exemplified by Madison Grant), this paper traces the history of the contemporary US anti-immigration movement's roots in environmentalism and global population control activism, through an exploration of the thoughts and activities of the activist, John Tanton, who has been called “the most influential unknown man in America.” We explore the “neo-Malthusian” ideas that sparked a seminal moment for population control advocacy in the late 1960s and early 1970s, leading to the creation of Zero Population Growth (ZPG). After rising to the presidency of ZPG, Tanton, and ZPG spun off the Federation for American Immigration Reform. After leaving ZPG's leadership, Tanton created additional anti-immigration advocacy groups and built up connections with existing organizations such as the Pioneer Fund. We trace Tanton's increasingly radical conservative network of anti-immigration advocates, conservationists, and population control activists to the present day. Tanton's archived papers illustrate, among other things, his interactions with collaborators such as ecologist Garrett Hardin (author of the famous “Tragedy of the Commons”) and his documented interest in reviving eugenics. We contend that this history of Tanton's network provides key insights into understanding how there came to be an overlap between the ideologies and activist communities of immigration restrictionism, population control, conservationism and eugenics.
ISSN:0160-9327
1873-1929
DOI:10.1016/j.endeavour.2015.05.001