Body weight gain and risk of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies

While the relationship between body mass index as an indicator of excess body weight and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is well established, the association between body weight gain in adulthood and risk of CRC remains unresolved. We quantified this association in a meta‐analysis of 12 observat...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Obesity reviews 2015-07, Vol.16 (7), p.607-619
Main Authors: Schlesinger, S, Lieb, W, Koch, M, Fedirko, V, Dahm, C. C, Pischon, T, Nöthlings, U, Boeing, H, Aleksandrova, K
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
adulthood
body mass index
body weight changes
Body weight gain
colon
colorectal neoplasms
Colorectal Neoplasms - etiology
Colorectal Neoplasms - physiopathology
Colorectal Neoplasms - prevention & control
confidence interval
dose response
gender differences
Humans
men
meta-analysis
Obesity - complications
Obesity - metabolism
Obesity - physiopathology
observational studies
Observational Studies as Topic
risk
Risk Assessment
Risk Factors
Risk Reduction Behavior
Sex Factors
systematic review
Waist Circumference
weight control
Weight Gain
women
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Summary:While the relationship between body mass index as an indicator of excess body weight and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is well established, the association between body weight gain in adulthood and risk of CRC remains unresolved. We quantified this association in a meta‐analysis of 12 observational studies published until November 2014 with a total of 16,151 incident CRC cases. Random effect models were used to obtain summary relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Between‐study heterogeneity was assessed using I² statistics. Overall, the summary RR (95% CI) was 1.22 (1.14–1.30) for high body weight gain (midpoint: 15.2 kg) compared with stable weight (P for heterogeneity = 0.182; I² = 21.2%). In a dose‐response analysis, each 5 kg weight gain was associated with a 4% (95% CI: 2%–5%) higher risk of CRC. The association persisted after adjustment for body weight at younger age and was present for both men and women, as well as for colon and rectal cancer. Differences by sex were detected for colon cancer (P for interaction = 0.003, with higher risk for men than women), but not for rectal cancer (P for interaction = 0.613). In conclusion, these data underscore the importance of body weight management from early adulthood onwards for the prevention of CRC development.
ISSN:1467-7881
1467-789X
DOI:10.1111/obr.12286