Production and comparison of fuel properties, engine performance, and emission characteristics of biodiesel from various non-edible vegetable oils: A review

•Overview of current energy situation.•Overview of biology, distribution and chemistry of various non-edible oil resources.•Comparison of fuel properties of various biodiesels produced from various non-edible oils.•Comparison of engine performance and emission characteristics of reviewed biodiesels....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Energy conversion and management 2014-04, Vol.80, p.202-228
Main Authors:	Ashraful, A.M., Masjuki, H.H., Kalam, M.A., Rizwanul Fattah, I.M., Imtenan, S., Shahir, S.A., Mobarak, H.M.
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Applied sciences Biodiesel Blends Crude oil, natural gas and petroleum products Demand (economics) Emission Energy Energy. Thermal use of fuels Engines Engines and turbines Equipments for energy generation and conversion: thermal, electrical, mechanical energy, etc Exact sciences and technology Fuel properties Fuels Non-edible oils Petroleum products, gas and fuels. Motor fuels, lubricants and asphalts Renewable energy Seeds Tobacco Vegetable oils
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Summary:	•Overview of current energy situation.•Overview of biology, distribution and chemistry of various non-edible oil resources.•Comparison of fuel properties of various biodiesels produced from various non-edible oils.•Comparison of engine performance and emission characteristics of reviewed biodiesels. Energy demand is increasing dramatically because of the fast industrial development, rising population, expanding urbanization, and economic growth in the world. To fulfill this energy demand, a large amount of fuel is widely used from different fossil resources. Burning of fossil fuels has caused serious detrimental environmental consequences. The application of biodiesel has shown a positive impact in resolving these issues. Edible vegetable oils are one of the potential feedstocks for biodiesel production. However, as the use of edible oils will jeopardize food supplies and biodiversity, non-edible vegetable oils, also known as second-generation feedstocks, are considered potential substitutes of edible food crops for biodiesel production. This paper introduces some species of non-edible vegetables whose oils are potential sources of biodiesel. These species are Pongamia pinnata (karanja), Calophyllum inophyllum (Polanga), Maduca indica (mahua), Hevea brasiliensis (rubber seed), Cotton seed, Simmondsia chinesnsis (Jojoba), Nicotianna tabacum (tobacco), Azadirachta indica (Neem), Linum usitatissimum (Linseed) and Jatropha curcas (Jatropha). Various aspects of non-edible feedstocks, such as biology, distribution, and chemistry, the biodiesel’s physicochemical properties, and its effect on engine performance and emission, are reviewed based on published articles. From the review, fuel properties are found to considerably vary depending on feedstocks. Analysis of the performance results revealed that most of the biodiesel generally give higher brake thermal efficiency and lower brake-specific fuel consumption. Emission results showed that in most cases, NOx emission is increased, and HC, CO, and PM emissions are decreases. It was reported that a diesel engine could be successfully run and could give excellent performance and the study revealed the most effective regulated emissions on the application of karanja, mahua, rubber seed, and tobacco biodiesel and their blends as fuel in a CI engine.
ISSN:	0196-8904 1879-2227