Combination of biochar amendment and mycoremediation for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons immobilization and biodegradation in creosote-contaminated soil

•Mycoremediation was the most effective strategy for PAH soil biodegradation.•Biochar application previous Pleurotus ostreatus increased laccase activity.•Biochar application previous mycoremediation increased PAH degradation rate.•Contaminated soil was completely bioremediated with P. ostreatus. So...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of hazardous materials 2015-03, Vol.285, p.259-266
Main Authors: García-Delgado, Carlos, Alfaro-Barta, Irene, Eymar, Enrique
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bacteria
Bacterial Load
Bioavailability
Biochar
Biodegradation
Biodegradation, Environmental
Bioremediation
Charcoal
Creosote - metabolism
Degradation
Ergosterol - analysis
Germination
Immobilization
Laccase - metabolism
Lactuca - growth & development
Ligninolytic enzymes
Pinus
Pleurotus - metabolism
Pleurotus ostreatus
Polyallylamine hydrochloride
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - metabolism
Remediation
Seeds - growth & development
Soil (material)
Soil Microbiology
Soil Pollutants - metabolism
Strategy
Triticum
Triticum aestivum
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Summary:•Mycoremediation was the most effective strategy for PAH soil biodegradation.•Biochar application previous Pleurotus ostreatus increased laccase activity.•Biochar application previous mycoremediation increased PAH degradation rate.•Contaminated soil was completely bioremediated with P. ostreatus. Soils impregnated with creosote contain high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). To bioremediate these soils and avoid PAH spread, different bioremediation strategies were tested, based on natural attenuation, biochar application, wheat straw biostimulation, Pleurotus ostreatus mycoremediation, and the novel sequential application of biochar for 21 days and P. ostreatus 21 days more. Soil was sampled after 21 and 42 days after the remediation application. The efficiency and effectiveness of each remediation treatment were assessed according to PAH degradation and immobilization, fungal and bacterial development, soil eco-toxicity and legal considerations. Natural attenuation and biochar treatments did not achieve adequate PAH removal and soil eco-toxicity reduction. Biostimulation showed the highest bacterial development but low PAH degradation rate. Mycoremediation achieved the best PAH degradation rate and the lowest bioavailable fraction and soil eco-toxicity. This bioremediation strategy achieved PAH concentrations below Spanish legislation for contaminated soils (RD 9/2005). Sequential application of biochar and P. ostreatus was the second treatment most effective for PAH biodegradation and immobilization. However, the activity of P. ostreatus was increased by previous biochar application and PAH degradation efficiency was increased. Therefore, the combined strategy for PAH degradation have high potential to increase remediation efficiency.
ISSN:0304-3894
1873-3336
DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.12.002