Chondrocyte redifferentiation and construct mechanical property development in single-component photocrosslinkable hydrogels

Hydrogels are promising materials for cartilage repair, but the properties required for optimal functional outcomes are not yet known. In this study, we functionalized four materials that are commonly used in cartilage tissue engineering and evaluated them using in vitro cultures. Gelatin, hyaluroni...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A 2014-08, Vol.102 (8), p.2544-2553
Main Authors: Levett, Peter A., Melchels, Ferry P. W., Schrobback, Karsten, Hutmacher, Dietmar W., Malda, Jos, Klein, Travis J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aged
Alginates
Biological and medical sciences
Biotechnology
Cartilage
Cell Differentiation - drug effects
Cell Differentiation - radiation effects
Cell Proliferation - drug effects
Cell Proliferation - radiation effects
Cell Shape - drug effects
Cell Shape - radiation effects
Cells, Immobilized - cytology
Cells, Immobilized - drug effects
Cells, Immobilized - metabolism
Chondrocytes - cytology
Chondrocytes - drug effects
Chondrocytes - metabolism
Chondrocytes - radiation effects
chondrogenesis
Compressive Strength - drug effects
Compressive Strength - radiation effects
Cross-Linking Reagents - pharmacology
Culture
Deposition
Extracellular Matrix - metabolism
Extracellular Matrix - radiation effects
Female
Fluorescent Antibody Technique
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Gelatins
Gene Expression Profiling
Glycosaminoglycans - metabolism
Health. Pharmaceutical industry
Humans
Hyaluronic acid
Hydrogels
Hydrogels - pharmacology
Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects
Light
Mechanical Phenomena - drug effects
Mechanical Phenomena - radiation effects
Medical sciences
Miscellaneous
photopolymerization
Polyethylene glycol
Repair
Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases
Technology. Biomaterials. Equipments
tissue engineering
Tissue Scaffolds - chemistry
X-Ray Microtomography
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Summary:Hydrogels are promising materials for cartilage repair, but the properties required for optimal functional outcomes are not yet known. In this study, we functionalized four materials that are commonly used in cartilage tissue engineering and evaluated them using in vitro cultures. Gelatin, hyaluronic acid, polyethylene glycol, and alginate were functionalized with methacrylic anhydride to make them photocrosslinkable. We found that the responses of encapsulated human chondrocytes were highly dependent on hydrogel type. Gelatin hydrogels supported cell proliferation and the deposition of a glycosaminoglycan rich matrix with significant mechanical functionality. However, cells had a dedifferentiated phenotype, with high expression of collagen type I. Chondrocytes showed the best redifferentiation in hyaluronic acid hydrogels, but the newly formed matrix was highly localized to the pericellular regions, and these gels degraded rapidly. Polyethylene glycol hydrogels, as a bioinert control, did not promote any strong responses. Alginate hydrogels did not support the deposition of new matrix, and the stiffness decreased during culture. The markedly different response of chondrocytes to these four photocrosslinkable hydrogels demonstrates the importance of material properties for chondrogenesis and extracellular matrix production, which are critical for effective cartilage repair. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2544–2553, 2014.
ISSN:1549-3296
1552-4965
DOI:10.1002/jbm.a.34924