Synthesis of gold nanoparticles in sol–gel glass porogens containing [bmim][BF4] ionic liquid

The [bmim][BF 4 ] ionic liquid effect on gold nanoparticles formation in silica sol–gel materials is studied in order to produce gel-derived glasses with optical properties. The characteristic red color from gold nanoparticles is observed for transparent glass monoliths obtained sintering, between 3...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of sol-gel science and technology 2013-11, Vol.68 (2), p.234-244
Main Authors: Ruivo, A., Ventura, M. G., Gomes da Silva, M. D. R., Laia, C. A. T.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Ceramics
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Colloidal gels. Colloidal sols
Colloidal state and disperse state
Composites
Energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy
Energy transmission
Exact sciences and technology
General and physical chemistry
Glass
Gold
Image transmission
Inorganic Chemistry
Ionic liquids
Ions
Materials Science
Nanoparticles
Nanotechnology
Natural Materials
Optical and Electronic Materials
Optical properties
Original Paper
Physical and chemical studies. Granulometry. Electrokinetic phenomena
Silica gel
Silicon dioxide
Sintering
Sintering (powder metallurgy)
Sol gel process
Sol-gel processes
Thermal decomposition
Transmission electron microscopy
Volatile compounds
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Summary:The [bmim][BF 4 ] ionic liquid effect on gold nanoparticles formation in silica sol–gel materials is studied in order to produce gel-derived glasses with optical properties. The characteristic red color from gold nanoparticles is observed for transparent glass monoliths obtained sintering, between 365 and 425 °C, a silica sol–gel precursor containing HAuCl 4 ·3H 2 O and [bmim][BF 4 ], under normal atmospheric conditions. The effect of sintering the ionogel at different temperatures (T sint ) or times (t sint ) on the optical properties, shape, size, and distribution of gold nanoparticles is discussed. Presence of the gold particles is observed using transmission electron microscopy images followed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. The thermal decomposition of [bmim][BF 4 ] in the ionogel is investigate using calorimetric and spectroscopic techniques, and by analysis of volatile compounds released by the sol–gel material during sintering. With these results a mechanism for the formation of the gold nanoparticles is proposed, where a first ionic liquid degradation step provides the reductive environment that enables the gold nanoparticles production at the range of temperatures between 350 and 425 °C. Upon sintering the synthesized materials the ionic liquid acts as a sacrificial additive and the ionic liquid thermal decomposition products enables the formation of gold nanoparticles in the sol–gel matrix.
ISSN:0928-0707
1573-4846
DOI:10.1007/s10971-013-3159-6