Local State-of-Charge Mapping of Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes

Current lithium‐ion battery technology is gearing towards meeting the robust demand of power and energy requirements for all‐electric transportation without compromising on the safety, performance, and cycle life. The state‐of‐charge (SOC) of a Li‐ion cell can be a macroscopic indicator of the state...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Advanced functional materials 2011-09, Vol.21 (17), p.3282-3290
Main Authors: Nanda, Jagjit, Remillard, Jeffrey, O'Neill, Ann, Bernardi, Dawn, Ro, Tina, Nietering, Kenneth E., Go, Joo-Young, Miller, Ted J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
batteries
Battery
Boundaries
Demand
Electrodes
energy storage
Links
Lithium
Lithium batteries
Lithium-ion batteries
Mapping
micro-Raman spectroscopy
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Summary:Current lithium‐ion battery technology is gearing towards meeting the robust demand of power and energy requirements for all‐electric transportation without compromising on the safety, performance, and cycle life. The state‐of‐charge (SOC) of a Li‐ion cell can be a macroscopic indicator of the state‐of‐health of the battery. The microscopic origin of the SOC relates to the local lithium content in individual electrode particles and the effective ability of Li‐ions to transport or shuttle between the redox couples through the cell geometric boundaries. Herein, micrometer‐resolved Raman mapping of a transition‐metal‐based oxide positive electrode, Li1‐x(NiyCozAl1‐y‐z)O2, maintained at different SOCs, is shown. An attempt has been made to link the underlying changes to the composition and structural integrity at the individual particle level. Furthermore, an SOC distribution at macroscopic length scale of the electrodes is presented. Ex situ micro‐Raman mapping of a Li(CoNiAl)O2 (NCA) composite lithium battery electrode charged to 3.8 V. Correlation is shown between the optical microscopy image (A) and the corresponding Raman intensities map of the NCA and carbon signal respectively. Marked red square box is mapping area. Raman intensity maps (B) and (C) complement each other in terms NCA or carbon rich regions. The spectroscopic state of charge (SOC) map (D) is created by the ratio of the Raman vibrational peak (A1g and Eg) corresponding to the metal‐oxygen bonds.
ISSN:1616-301X
1616-3028
1616-3028
DOI:10.1002/adfm.201100157